In general the answer is "no, you can't blow something by hooking too many amps to it." It's not a rock-solid guarantee, because there might be some flashlight designs that don't have a regulator, and count on the fact that the specified battery can only deliver a current that the LED can take, and it'd blow up if you used a different battery.
But in the general case, no. The AA NiMHs that the Dinottes take, for instance, could easily deliver 10 amps instantaneous, which would fry the thing. But circuitry in general only draws the current that it needs (what it's been designed to draw).
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