3rd and 4th picture.. Looks like you have a 27" wheel frame
with a 700c wheel in it.
Low profile cantilevers + aero levers require a very slight rim clearance .
OTOH High profile will not. it's all about cable pull .. leverages
I run Low profile Calipers and Non aero Brake levers on My Touring bike ,
the previous type lever pulls more cable
Levers with aero style pull less, , If a high leverage caliper is used
It Needs more cable pull than the lever offers.
Hence the 2mm pad to rim clearance..