Getting to the path is really easy if you're going to live near the opera. The opera is right on the "ringstrasse" the road that circles the 1st district. There's a bike path that goes along that road which also leads to the canal. From there you can ride along the canal to the Donau. It's a popular route cyclist use as well. I know you can take your bike on the tram/subway/bus but only on certain times during non-peak hours. You'll have to check the transit site
www.wienerlinien.at i know i read it on there somewhere.