the recommended tire pressure range is on side wall of the tire. There is a constant battle between Marketing, and Legal over what those numbers should be. Marketing wants as high as possible, Lawyers want no "booms" by a safe margin.
Typically, I run 5 to 10 % over what is the max recommended on the side wall. For example, on my hybrid I run 70 psi; even though the max recommended on the side wall is 65 psi.
Inner tubes do not really make a difference.
Make sure that your rim tape is protecting the tube from all the sharp edges.
There are "thorn resistant" tubes which are much heavier.
A seam failure sounds like a manufacturing defect; or the tube is old. Oxygen and UV light degrade the inner tube (and tire) material; so it could just be old.