The chain is what usually needs the most frequent lubrication. Other things that need some user attention are all the small pivots on things like levers, brakes and derailleurs. Lastly, most of the ball bearings need to be re-greased on some sort of a schedule.
The overall schedule varies depending on riding conditions, with rain being something that shortens the service life. I oil my chain every 1,000 miles, do the pivots 2x/year, and grease the major ball bearings after winter, or at about 5,-8,000 miles. That's based on mixed all weather riding, including NYC winters with snow and slush (salt water) which is why I wait until spring for the major service.
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