It is worth mentioning that cup and cone suffer mainly in regards as to the contact points that 'cup' and 'cone' press the bearing. Since bearings are spherical, as the cone moves inward during adjustment pushing the bearing into the cone, the bearing is force to conform to the loading forces of both races causing it to deform or 'ovalize' of sorts. This why it is recommended to replace the ball bears each time after opening them up--because they are no longer true 'balls'. Cartridge bearings are not cup and cone per-say, but many of them still suffer from the same problem of putting a spherical bearing against two loads causing uneven wearing. As stated above, quality has a huge part in how long either of these systems last, with Phil Wood taking the most precise route as far as this interface goes.
For those craving maximal life from hub bearings, annular contact bearings are worth investigating. Annular bearings generally have full contact of a ring rather than two small points, allowing the bearings to wear more evenly. Maxicar hubs which are famous for last 10,000+ miles without servicing use annular contact bearings, and more recently Chris King.
Irrespective, bearings should be examined based on how they are impacted by loads, so the bearing design you use in your hubs may not be the best for the bearings in your bottom bracket or headset. Each design has a time and place... and cost.