I do not believe 130 psi could have blown the tire off the rim unless the bead was damaged. I think a small part of the tube was caught between the tire bead and the bottom of the rim. This is a common problem that has happened to me several times. As you know, adding some air to the tube before mounting helps but does not totally eliminate the problem.
Nothing wrong with folding tires or 650 rims other than availability.
I think that 116 - 120 psi should be enough pressure.