New Jersey has lots of options for bike touring, most notably right down the Coast. Depending where you live, you might be able to take a commuter rail with your bike (of course coming out of New York) so that you don't have take a car. You should google the New Jersey Department of Transportation and they can send you bike maps, and point you in the right direction. The other maps you might want to look for are the Adventure Cycling maps, detailed for long distance cycling right through your state. I usually just go with the information provided for free from the trans. departments.
One "famous ride" that might be worth your time to look at if you are close to NYC is the Hudson Valley ride. Again, if you google the New York Department of Transporation, they will kindly send you maps. You might ride from NYC, north as far as you can, and then take a bus or a train back to the city.
Being in New England or the busy New York mid Atlantic, you have lots of great options for short tours. I think a key to a decent two day "tour" is to find an alternative way home, either start for or ride toward a commuter train station or a bus depot. That way you can ride further afield. Different bus lines have different rules on taking your bike, but most will slide your bike under on a room availalble basis for free or a small fee.
Also, let's face it this time of year, camping sucks (not so much for the cold, but for the lack of daylight), so you might want to think about a cheap hotel, then you hardly have to carry anything at all for a two day ride.
Good luck with your planning!
Knox Gardner
www.bikenerd.blogspot.com