Among US Masters at Nat's, 135-155 rpm's for the sprints and 200mTT are common. Gearing ranges from 48x15 to around 49-50x14. If you try to go with a large gear you'll get held/slowed up, and then jumped hard, and while you're trying to get the big gear moving your opponent will be 20m up the road. For points races, rpm's will be around 95-110, and up to 130 during sprints. Average speeds for Masters/Veterans outdoors around 26mph, some higher, some lower. Add about 2mph for an indoor 250m track.
So, for training... Most of the really good sprinters do a fair amount of aerobic training because this creates things in muscle and chemicals that help you recover faster between sprints, and between days of training. By the time you warm up and cool down to do 4-6 sprint rides in a day you may end up doing 50-80kms of riding so you need to be able to handle that easily. Long sprints are becoming more common so you'll need some additional training to support those all out 300m+ efforts. Most sprinters also do kierin and team sprint, both of which require longer efforts.