I'd be surprised if those Tektro calipers had a long enough reach.
What are you disliking about the V-brakes? And what is your lever setup? I suspect you are using short-pull levers (i.e. standard road levers) with the V-brakes. If this is indeed the case, that means the levers are not pulling enough cable for the V-brakes and, as you are finding, you have to set the pads very close to the rim in order not to bottom out the levers.
Here is your solution (and includes a barrel adjuster):
