I've been thinking about your post ever since I made my first, too quick, reply. Burning to where you want to barf is not normal! If I do a very hard TT effort, especially short, like 10 miles, my lungs will burn. It used to be a little worse years ago, but never anything like you describe. Probably due to drying from deep, rapid breathing.
So I googled "cycling burning lungs" for you. Go do that, read some of the hits, then see a doctor.