Unseated tire would look like this.
Could be an issue with a twist in the tube, rim tape being worn out, etc, leading to explosive failure of tube as well.
If the tire and tube have been holding pressure for a while, and the only thing that changed is that you aired the tire up, then I would look at the rim tape carefully.
Before you take the tire off the rim, make note of where the label on the tire is versus the valve stem in the rim, so that you can figure out where the damage to the tube is in relation to the tire.