I understand my question completely goes against what this forum is actually all about (RIDING through the winter) but my concern is with the storage of my bike during the frigid winter season. I currently keep my bike in the garage which is generally much warmer/colder than the temperature of the house (depending on season) because there are no vents or insulation in the walls.

Here in Louisville winter's are generally no warmer than the mid 30's. Will letting my bike sit in conditions like this have any potentially negative effects?

It'll be fine. Just make sure it's clean and well oiled.