Bicycle Mechanics - Outside In the Winter

So as much as I hate to admit it, I was pretty much forced to leave my bike outside for about half the winter. It was just locked up to a bike rack, soaking up the elements for a couple months (this included bitter cold, rain, snow, and ice... I'm in Nebraska). After experiencing such conditions, I'm just wondering how much of an overhaul I should be after? I know the chain is going to have to be replaced, as it is rather rusted, but is are there any other things in particular I should be concerned with? Or do I just need to take it into the shop and let them do a complete overhaul?

Thanks in advance for any input,
-Ridire123

If it were me, I would consider this an invitation to becoming your own mechanic. Take your bike all the way down to the constituent parts, clean, lube and replace as needed, and ride with pride in your work.

I have had all the parts off the bike before for cleaning. I'm just not sure how far in the breakdown I should be concerned with going. Is it enough to just take off all mechanical components and give them a decent cleaning, or do I need to break them down even further than that? Also, I've never really worked with the hubs, headset, or bottom bracket, thus I'm not sure about lubing/repacking them, etc...

I usually wait for spring to tear down my winter bike, which I store it outside due to problems with it freezing/thawing/freezing. I take the chain and toss it into the junk bin, pull the bb, headset and axles out, clean all the bearings with wd-40 or whatever I have on hand, clean out the races, regrease and throw it back together with different bars and seat for summer trail riding.

The headset and bottom bracket are suprisingly easy to service, just make sure you don't loose any bearings and are not stingy on the grease :)

Well I've definitely worked with the bottom bracket before, but never the headset... I guess I'll whip out Zinn, a nice drink, and try and figure things out.

Thanks for the input!