Bicycle Mechanics - wheel size question

im running 622x13 on the rear of my fixed gear ride. a friend of mine gave me a wheel for the front to replace the 27" wheel that ive been running. the new front wheel is 622x19. what is the difference in the two wheels? will i be able to use the same wheels and tubes for them? id like to be able to have more versitility when it comes to wheels and tubes. with the difference in these two sizes matter at all?

You can use the same tubes but not the same tires. 27" rims/tires have a 630mm bead diameter and are not compatible with 700C which are 622mm.

You will have to lower your brake pads by about 4mm to change from 630mm to 622mm rims.

so the 622x19 is a 27" wheel then? sorry, im new to all of this...

if it is indeed a 27" wheel, how will it affect the dynamics of the bike?

if it is indeed a 27" wheel, how will it affect the dynamics of the bike?
As it seems often Sheldon has a resource on tires and sizing and what tires fit or should fit what wheel.
http://www.sheldonbrown.com/tire-sizing.html

so the 622x19 is a 27" wheel then? sorry, im new to all of this...

No - 622mm is 700C which is just a bit smaller than a 27" which is 630mm.

I recommend taking a look at the sidewall of your front tire to see what you really have on there. If it says "700" or "700C" or xx-622, it is a 700C wheel with a 622mm bead diameter. If it is 700C, you can put the tire on the new rim. If it says "27" or xx-630, it is a 27" wheel and the tire will not fit the new rim.