Go Back  Bike Forums > Bike Forums > Bicycle Mechanics
Reload this Page >

Newly built A23 wheelset - heavy / unbalanced towards pinned joint - reccomendations?

Search
Notices
Bicycle Mechanics Broken bottom bracket? Tacoed wheel? If you're having problems with your bicycle, or just need help fixing a flat, drop in here for the latest on bicycle mechanics & bicycle maintenance.

Newly built A23 wheelset - heavy / unbalanced towards pinned joint - reccomendations?

Thread Tools
 
Search this Thread
 
Old 05-10-12, 01:40 PM
  #26  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: New Rochelle, NY
Posts: 38,712

Bikes: too many bikes from 1967 10s (5x2)Frejus to a Sumitomo Ti/Chorus aluminum 10s (10x2), plus one non-susp mtn bike I use as my commuter

Mentioned: 140 Post(s)
Tagged: 1 Thread(s)
Quoted: 5781 Post(s)
Liked 2,578 Times in 1,429 Posts
Before making any permanent modifications, try slipping some weights over the valve, and balance it so it spins evenly in air (off the ground). The ride the wheel and I suspect you'll still feel an imbalance.

That's because the effects of radial error on the mounted tire is making the wheel like a big cam and the axle rises and falls (and/or the tire compresses) with each revolution. The cam effect is greater than the effects of the imbalance, so there's a good chance that you're correcting the wrong thing.
__________________
FB
Chain-L site

An ounce of diagnosis is worth a pound of cure.

Just because I'm tired of arguing, doesn't mean you're right.

“One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions” - Adm Grace Murray Hopper - USN

WARNING, I'm from New York. Thin skinned people should maintain safe distance.
FBinNY is online now  
Old 05-10-12, 04:49 PM
  #27  
Senior Member
 
mrrabbit's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Location: San Jose, California
Posts: 3,504

Bikes: 2001 Tommasini Sintesi w/ Campagnolo Daytona 10 Speed

Mentioned: 5 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 145 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 35 Times in 30 Posts
Can't wait for the day the OP comes back telling us about ingressed water sloshing around...

=8-p
__________________
5000+ wheels built since 1984...

Disclaimer:

1. I do not claim to be an expert in bicycle mechanics despite my experience.
2. I like anyone will comment in other areas.
3. I do not own the preexisting concepts of DISH and ERD.
4. I will provide information as I always have to others that I believe will help them protect themselves from unscrupulous mechanics.
5. My all time favorite book is:

Kahane, Howard. Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric: The Use of Reason in Everyday Life
mrrabbit is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 05:23 PM
  #28  
A little North of Hell
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Posts: 4,892
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 71 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 4 Times in 4 Posts
weighty issue...

half an ounce.
motorcycle wheel weight, or stick-on weight.
Soil_Sampler is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 05:48 PM
  #29  
Senior Member
 
DannoXYZ's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: Saratoga, CA
Posts: 11,736
Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 109 Post(s)
Liked 9 Times in 6 Posts
If you've got your wheels trued to 0.18mm, I doubt you'd be able to feel the difference in 17g of imbalance. The RPMs and speeds that a bicycle wheel achieves isn't sufficient for that amount to be noticeable. Heck, when I upgraded my wheels for downhilling (and hit 72mph), I removed about 100gm of lead-weights and didn't have any imbalance issues.

DannoXYZ is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 05:54 PM
  #30  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Pittsburgh, PA
Posts: 33,656

Bikes: '96 Litespeed Catalyst, '05 Litespeed Firenze, '06 Litespeed Tuscany, '20 Surly Midnight Special, All are 3x10. It is hilly around here!

Mentioned: 39 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 2026 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1,096 Times in 742 Posts
Sporting goods stores with well equipped fishing sections sell lead split-shot or lead "tape' that can be wrapped around the spokes opposite the heavy spot.
HillRider is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 06:38 PM
  #31  
30 YR Wrench
 
BikeWise1's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Oxford, OH
Posts: 2,006

Bikes: Waterford R-33, Madone 6.5, Trek 520

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 3 Times in 2 Posts
I've been riding bikes and building wheels, oh, for about 30 years and have never, ever been able to detect any issues with wheel imbalance while riding, and I'm pretty anal about vibrations. I'd love to see this wheel in person. When I can feel a consistent vibe up through the steering when riding at speed, it's inevitably tire related. ALL bike wheels are out of balance. I've been to shops in all 50 states and never seen a bicycle wheel balancing machine....probably because the need never comes up.

But I will say engineers and those who fancy themselves as such are inevitably the worst customers. Dunno why.....
BikeWise1 is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 06:39 PM
  #32  
自転車整備士
 
oldskoolwrench's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2012
Location: Denver, Colorado USA
Posts: 885

Bikes: '86 Moots Mountaineer, '94 Salsa Ala Carte, '94 S-Works FSR, 1983 Trek 600 & 620

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 6 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 3 Times in 3 Posts
Originally Posted by mrrabbit
Can't wait for the day the OP comes back telling us about ingressed water sloshing around...

=8-p
Water ingress? I'd worry more about the compromised structural integrity of the rim, let alone the potential liability issue should it fail!
oldskoolwrench is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 06:44 PM
  #33  
Randomhead
 
Join Date: Aug 2008
Location: Happy Valley, Pennsylvania
Posts: 24,396
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 4 Post(s)
Liked 3,696 Times in 2,517 Posts
Originally Posted by BikeWise1
But I will say engineers and those who fancy themselves as such are inevitably the worst customers. Dunno why.....
as a mechanical engineer who used to work as a bike mechanic, I have to say you might be right. My favorite bike shop moment was when I told someone he'd be back. He asserted he wouldn't because he was a grad student in mechanical engineering. I was kinda surprised when he came back.
unterhausen is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 08:28 PM
  #34  
Senior Member
 
IthaDan's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Ithaca, NY
Posts: 4,852

Bikes: Click on the #YOLO

Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 26 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 12 Times in 12 Posts
Originally Posted by DannoXYZ
If you've got your wheels trued to 0.18mm, I doubt you'd be able to feel the difference in 17g of imbalance. The RPMs and speeds that a bicycle wheel achieves isn't sufficient for that amount to be noticeable. Heck, when I upgraded my wheels for downhilling (and hit 72mph), I removed about 100gm of lead-weights and didn't have any imbalance issues.

This might be the craziest picture I've seen on this site. Is there a thread about this creation?

What hills do you go down, equinox?
__________________

Shimano : Click :: Campy : Snap :: SRAM : Bang
IthaDan is offline  
Old 05-10-12, 08:41 PM
  #35  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2010
Location: Above ground, Walnut Creek, Ca
Posts: 6,681

Bikes: 8 ss bikes, 1 5-speed touring bike

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 86 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 4 Times in 4 Posts
OP is machinist with, as you would guess, a machinist's personality. some of the most precision obsessed people in the world. who else could build a v-12 engine (f1 ferrari) that revs to 18,000 rpm without exploding? let'em fuss with it.
hueyhoolihan is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 01:30 AM
  #36  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Nov 2010
Location: River City, OR
Posts: 672
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 9 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1 Time in 1 Post
Originally Posted by roobydoo
UPDATE:
Wheels were out of balance 17g towards the pinned joint.
that's the equivalent of two 1/4x1" bolts !
After drilling 14 holes in the inner rim I have not made a dent in the weight
A change of only 3g, It looks like I will have to add weight to make this wheel sit well.
Really? Not sure the method you used to find "17 grams heavier at the joint," but stop to think about it. There is no way in hell that the materials, or the method used to make that joint weighs 17 grams.
reddog3 is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 01:51 AM
  #37  
Senior Member
 
Kimmo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: Melbourne, Oz
Posts: 9,545

Bikes: https://weightweenies.starbike.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=152015&p=1404231

Mentioned: 15 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1528 Post(s)
Liked 718 Times in 510 Posts
17g sounds like a bloody lot; I wouldn't be all that surprised if that's verging on perceivable. Even it isn't, I'd be inclined to balance it out just to appease my anal streak; done it before. I used a blob of electrical solder, melted to a shape that could be taped into the rim well without interfering with the beads. I knew it made stuff-all difference, but banishing the pendulum effect just made me feel better about my bike.

Oh yeah, Velocity lists the A23's weight as 426g.

Originally Posted by DannoXYZ
What the flying ****?! That's a hell of a wheel upgrade.

+1 more info on this insane creation. You must have a thread...

Last edited by unterhausen; 05-11-12 at 06:09 PM. Reason: please don't defeat the censor
Kimmo is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 09:13 AM
  #38  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Apr 2009
Location: New Rochelle, NY
Posts: 38,712

Bikes: too many bikes from 1967 10s (5x2)Frejus to a Sumitomo Ti/Chorus aluminum 10s (10x2), plus one non-susp mtn bike I use as my commuter

Mentioned: 140 Post(s)
Tagged: 1 Thread(s)
Quoted: 5781 Post(s)
Liked 2,578 Times in 1,429 Posts
Originally Posted by reddog3
Really? Not sure the method you used to find "17 grams heavier at the joint," but stop to think about it. There is no way in hell that the materials, or the method used to make that joint weighs 17 grams.
There's no way, might be too strong, but it is highly unlikely. Aluminum weighs 2.7grams/cmł so there would have to be 5cmł of added material in the joint area, plus a bit more to make up the weight of the valve.

In any case, it's academic because you couldn't feel that imbalance at bicycle speeds, especially when masked by the wheels eccentricity.
__________________
FB
Chain-L site

An ounce of diagnosis is worth a pound of cure.

Just because I'm tired of arguing, doesn't mean you're right.

“One accurate measurement is worth a thousand expert opinions” - Adm Grace Murray Hopper - USN

WARNING, I'm from New York. Thin skinned people should maintain safe distance.
FBinNY is online now  
Old 05-11-12, 09:21 AM
  #39  
Canuck in the mud again
Thread Starter
 
Join Date: Feb 2012
Location: West of TO, Canada
Posts: 48

Bikes: Redline Conquest, Surly Pugsley custom, GF Nirvana, Miele classic road

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by reddog3
Really? Not sure the method you used to find "17 grams heavier at the joint," but stop to think about it. There is no way in hell that the materials, or the method used to make that joint weighs 17 grams.
I taped the bolts to the opposite side of the wheel, kept on adjusting till the wheel didn't fall either way, then weighed the tape and bolts.

I am mostly stunned at how a wheel can have that much extra on one side. It's 4% of the weight of the rim. Now, once built up the wheels are 816g and 653g, so the difference percentage wise is much less. (even less so once I add 300G of tube, rubber and rim tape)

I re-trued them to be within .010" radially and axially using a dial indicator. I'm going to re-assemble them, and get a bunch of extra valve nuts, and try them again with and without the extra weight to see if I can tell at all or if it's just in my head.

And, yes I am not discounting that this could be a futile question, but discoveries don't happen by adhering to status quo.
roobydoo is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 09:36 AM
  #40  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: Riverside, CA
Posts: 1,055

Bikes: Lynskey R230 DA DI2 ENVE 3.4 SES, 6KU Fixie, Cheap Aluminum Slapstick Trainer only bike

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 3 Post(s)
Liked 2 Times in 2 Posts
Originally Posted by roobydoo
I taped the bolts to the opposite side of the wheel, kept on adjusting till the wheel didn't fall either way, then weighed the tape and bolts.

I am mostly stunned at how a wheel can have that much extra on one side. It's 4% of the weight of the rim. Now, once built up the wheels are 816g and 653g, so the difference percentage wise is much less. (even less so once I add 300G of tube, rubber and rim tape)

I re-trued them to be within .010" radially and axially using a dial indicator. I'm going to re-assemble them, and get a bunch of extra valve nuts, and try them again with and without the extra weight to see if I can tell at all or if it's just in my head.

And, yes I am not discounting that this could be a futile question, but discoveries don't happen by adhering to status quo.
Here is my suggestion. If you are using Aluminum nipples... get some brass ones for the side that is "light"... Should help you on balancing the wheel a little more Okay... I am amateur machinist
bored117 is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 10:00 AM
  #41  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2009
Posts: 5,949

Bikes: Colnago, Van Dessel, Factor, Cervelo, Ritchey

Mentioned: 5 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 3949 Post(s)
Liked 7,296 Times in 2,946 Posts
Originally Posted by bored117
Here is my suggestion. If you are using Aluminum nipples... get some brass ones for the side that is "light"... Should help you on balancing the wheel a little more Okay... I am amateur machinist
Campy's approach (on their lower priced wheels) is to use a heavier spoke opposite the seam. On their more expensive wheels, they machine away varying amounts of material from the inside of the rim.
tomato coupe is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 10:11 AM
  #42  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jan 2012
Location: Spokane, WA
Posts: 2,243

Bikes: Specialized Sequoia Elite/Motobecane Fantom Cross Team Ti/'85 Trek 520

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 6 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 3 Times in 3 Posts
Originally Posted by roobydoo
I taped the bolts to the opposite side of the wheel, kept on adjusting till the wheel didn't fall either way, then weighed the tape and bolts.

I am mostly stunned at how a wheel can have that much extra on one side. It's 4% of the weight of the rim. Now, once built up the wheels are 816g and 653g, so the difference percentage wise is much less. (even less so once I add 300G of tube, rubber and rim tape)

I re-trued them to be within .010" radially and axially using a dial indicator. I'm going to re-assemble them, and get a bunch of extra valve nuts, and try them again with and without the extra weight to see if I can tell at all or if it's just in my head.

And, yes I am not discounting that this could be a futile question, but discoveries don't happen by adhering to status quo.
What you will end up feeling will probably be tire imperfections and/or road imperfections. I don't know what it is about roadies, but man, they have some pretty serious OCD and psychosomatic sensations. I like the threads where someone will say something like "I knocked off 2 grams of weight off of my seatpost and I can really tell the difference in my acceleration". I'm being facetious of course but there is some reality in it.
bobotech is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 12:06 PM
  #43  
Senior Member
 
DannoXYZ's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: Saratoga, CA
Posts: 11,736
Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 109 Post(s)
Liked 9 Times in 6 Posts
Originally Posted by roobydoo
I taped the bolts to the opposite side of the wheel, kept on adjusting till the wheel didn't fall either way, then weighed the tape and bolts.
You'll want to separate balancing the wheel from balancing the tube & tyre. This way, you can have their imbalances oppose each other and end up with minimal amounts of extra weights to even them all out:
1. find heavy-spot of wheel with no tube and tyre. Determine the location of heavy-spot and mass of weight necessary to balance. Call these variables Rp & Rw. Mark Rp on the rim.

2. mount just tube + valve-nut and pump up to same OD as tyre. Determine the location of heavy-spot and mass of weight necessary to balance. Call these variables Up & Uw. Mark Up on the tube

3. remove tube & valve-nut and mount bare tyre to wheel. Determine the location of heavy-spot and mass of weight necessary to balance. Call these variables Tp & Tw. Mark Tp on the tyre.

Now remove all components and weights. Mount tyre on wheel and position heavy-spot (Tp) somewhere between the rim's heavy-spot (Rp) and tube's heavy-spot (Up) on the side with greater separation. So if rim's heavy-spot is at 180-degrees and tube's heaviness is at 20-degrees, place the tyre's heavy-spot at 280-degrees. Then mount the tube and pump up.

Finally, balance the entire assembly and you'll find that the weight needed is minimized. This is similar to how auto-tyres are mounted. Tyres have a painted dot on them where the lightest spot is (opposite the heavy end). The auto-tech then mounts the tyre with the spot next to the valve-stem to place the heavy spot of the tyre opposite the heavy spot of rim. On my high-speed cars, like the +240mph 968-Turbo Bonneville contender, I balance the wheels after they're mounted on the car. This will incorporate the imbalance caused by lug-nuts of different masses and brake-rotor imperfections as well. At 210mph, I had to use metal valve-caps with O-ring seals because the centripetal forces causes the shraeder valve-core to depress and leak out air...

Last edited by DannoXYZ; 05-11-12 at 12:11 PM.
DannoXYZ is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 12:15 PM
  #44  
Banned
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: NW,Oregon Coast
Posts: 43,598

Bikes: 8

Mentioned: 197 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 7607 Post(s)
Liked 1,355 Times in 862 Posts
The valve stem is on the opposite side of the wheel,

if the OCD based issue,
of the bridge piece weight across the seam bothers you,
maybe a carbon fiber rimmed wheel set will be more satisfactory..
fietsbob is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 02:27 PM
  #45  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Mar 2008
Posts: 8,688
Mentioned: 46 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1074 Post(s)
Liked 295 Times in 222 Posts
Originally Posted by tomato coupe
Campy's approach (on their lower priced wheels) is to use a heavier spoke opposite the seam.
Really?

I rather doubt that. It'd either have to be a minimal seam, or a ridiculously heavier spoke for that to work out. And unless you pick a really oddball material, the heavier spoke won't stretch the same as the other spokes, and I can't imagine a trusted manufacturer doing that deliberately - even if it isn't immediately critical.
dabac is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 02:57 PM
  #46  
Senior Member
 
DannoXYZ's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jul 2005
Location: Saratoga, CA
Posts: 11,736
Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 109 Post(s)
Liked 9 Times in 6 Posts
Originally Posted by dabac
Really?

I rather doubt that. It'd either have to be a minimal seam, or a ridiculously heavier spoke for that to work out. And unless you pick a really oddball material, the heavier spoke won't stretch the same as the other spokes, and I can't imagine a trusted manufacturer doing that deliberately - even if it isn't immediately critical.
DannoXYZ is offline  
Old 05-11-12, 05:54 PM
  #47  
A little North of Hell
 
Join Date: Mar 2006
Posts: 4,892
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 71 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 4 Times in 4 Posts
imbalance

Originally Posted by reddog3
Really?There is no way in hell that the materials, or the method used to make that joint weighs 17 grams.
Originally Posted by FBinNY
There's no way, might be too strong, but it is highly unlikely.
Hell? Yes, way!

It all depends on the method. Some welded rims use a sleeve, or tooling jig inserted before welding.

A method of flash/butt welding an aluminum bicycle wheel rim, in which an aluminum sleeve having a dielectric anodized hardcoat surface finish is inserted into the center of the rim in order to support the interior walls of the rim during the welding process, is disclosed. The walls of a wheel rim or other similar metal profile defines an inner space in a tubular section of the rim. The sleeve is partially inserted into a first end of the rim and partially inserted into a second end of the rim. During the welding process, an electric current flows across a small space or gap between the two ends. The electric current melts the ends, at which time the two ends are pressed together in order to forge them into a single piece. The metal sleeve supports the inner walls of the profile in order to prevent collapse of the wall during welding. Due to the dielectric coating, the sleeve does not affect the welding circuit.



Originally Posted by dabac
Really?

I rather doubt that.
It'd either have to be a minimal seam, or a ridiculously heavier spoke for that to work out.
And unless you pick a really oddball material, the heavier spoke won't stretch the same as the other spokes, and I can't imagine a trusted manufacturer doing that deliberately - even if it isn't immediately critical.
Both Campy and Fulcrum use this. No Doubt!

"For entry-level models, Dynamic Balance™ is obtained by using two oversized spokes in the section opposite the joint.
The result is a wheel with perfectly balanced rotational dynamics."

https://www.fulcrumwheels.com/en/tech.../road/rdb-road
Soil_Sampler is offline  
Old 05-12-12, 09:20 PM
  #48  
Senior Member
 
Kimmo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: Melbourne, Oz
Posts: 9,545

Bikes: https://weightweenies.starbike.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=152015&p=1404231

Mentioned: 15 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1528 Post(s)
Liked 718 Times in 510 Posts
Originally Posted by bobotech
I like the threads where someone will say something like "I knocked off 2 grams of weight off of my seatpost and I can really tell the difference in my acceleration". I'm being facetious of course but there is some reality in it.
Actually, removing weight from the seat or seatpost is surprisingly noticeable. 2g not so much, but you might notice 50g - when you stand on it and throw the bike from side to side, that weight matters.

Originally Posted by dabac
Really?

I rather doubt that. It'd either have to be a minimal seam, or a ridiculously heavier spoke for that to work out. And unless you pick a really oddball material, the heavier spoke won't stretch the same as the other spokes, and I can't imagine a trusted manufacturer doing that deliberately - even if it isn't immediately critical.
I have in fact read Campy marketing guff to that effect, it's an actual feature. I can only imagine it's all about the perceptions of noobs, since it's their lower-end wheelsets.
Kimmo is offline  
Old 05-12-12, 09:30 PM
  #49  
Senior Member
 
Shimagnolo's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2008
Location: Zang's Spur, CO
Posts: 9,083
Mentioned: 11 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 3375 Post(s)
Liked 5,514 Times in 2,857 Posts
Originally Posted by DannoXYZ

Don't just tease us with a pic like that!
We need to see the *whole* bike!
Shimagnolo is online now  
Old 05-13-12, 02:05 AM
  #50  
Senior Member
 
Kimmo's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2009
Location: Melbourne, Oz
Posts: 9,545

Bikes: https://weightweenies.starbike.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=10&t=152015&p=1404231

Mentioned: 15 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1528 Post(s)
Liked 718 Times in 510 Posts
Yeah Danno.

Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Link!
Kimmo is offline  


Contact Us - Archive - Advertising - Cookie Policy - Privacy Statement - Terms of Service -

Copyright © 2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved. Use of this site indicates your consent to the Terms of Use.