Go Back  Bike Forums > Bike Forums > General Cycling Discussion
Reload this Page >

Here's something to think about from VeloNews

Search
Notices
General Cycling Discussion Have a cycling related question or comment that doesn't fit in one of the other specialty forums? Drop on in and post in here! When possible, please select the forum above that most fits your post!

Here's something to think about from VeloNews

Thread Tools
 
Search this Thread
 
Old 09-13-07, 09:19 AM
  #1  
Caustic Soccer Mom
Thread Starter
 
apclassic9's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2005
Location: Millstone WV
Posts: 1,761
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 11 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1 Time in 1 Post
Here's something to think about from VeloNews

Legally Speaking - with Bob Mionske: Deliverance of the bird man
By Robert Mionske JD
Filed: September 13, 2007
Dear Bob,
I thought you might like to address this in your column. We were on a group ride in deepest darkest West Virginia and a car passed with oncoming traffic, mere inches from our handlebars.

This yahoo move was obviously for the purpose of aggression in that there was a stop sign only 100 yards ahead. Our fearless leader took offense and let loose the bird. The clan from Deliverance slid their vehicle across the road and in front of our group. When the enraged and rather large passenger tried to get out of the car our man, the bird man, pushed him back in. As the passenger fell back he struck the bird man, breaking his helmet. All the while his teen age son was punching from the back window and the probable true cause of the passenger's latent hostilities, his unfortunate wife, spewed profanities from the driver's seat.

There are two issues here. First, although unwise, isn't it one's constitutionally protected right of free speech to flip the bird? Second, was the bicyclist within his rights to push the man back into the car for fear of receiving a beating? Who assaulted whom?
C. W.
Morgantown, West Virginia

Dear C. W.,
No subject attracts as much attention in bicycle law as the subject of confrontation with motorists. What happens when a car buzzes you? What about if the driver cuts across your path and the enraged occupant leaps out to confront you? Can you beat the tar out of the guy? Do you have to wait until he says he is going to "kick your ass"? Must you let the other guy swing first? What we need is a nice handy rule that's easy to remember in the heat of the moment.

We also need to consider whether it's worth the risk to your life. Is the other guy packing heat? What about you? In this day and age, those questions need to be added to the mix as well. With all of these questions in mind, let's try to figure out "who assaulted whom."

So, your group was riding along peacefully, when it was buzzed by the clan from Deliverance. Your fearless leader made a hand gesture signifying, perhaps, your club's "Number One" standing at the race track. The driver then slid the car across your group's path and cut you off. The enraged driver started to get out of the car....

Let's stop right there and talk a bit about assault, battery, and self-defense. We all probably know that if somebody punches you, they can be arrested for assault and battery. It's a criminal offense, but it's also the grounds for a lawsuit. Here's the thing, though-you don't have to be physically injured to sue somebody for battery. All that's required is that the other person made some sort of unwanted physical contact with you that either caused a physical injury, or was offensive to your sense of dignity.

But what does that mean, "offensive to your sense of dignity"? Basically, it means that if the average, reasonable person would have felt their sense of dignity was offended, then it's battery. Of course, physical contact is only battery if it was intentional.

Now here's something interesting: I said that battery is unwanted harmful or offensive physical contact with you; however, battery can also include offensive physical contact with something so closely related to your person that the offensive contact is equivalent to offensively touching you. For that reason, in my new book, Bicycling & the Law, I argue that intentional offensive physical contact with your bicycle while you are astride it is battery.

Now what about assault? Isn't that the same thing as battery? Well, people often use the word "assault" in that sense, but no, assault is not the same thing as battery. Think back to the guy who punches you-that's battery, right? Now, suppose instead that he threatens to punch you out right now as he's cocking his fist back. That's assault-the intentional creation of an apprehension of an imminent harmful or offensive physical contact. Now, assault and battery are criminal acts, and the person committing assault or battery can be arrested, prosecuted, and incarcerated. But they're also what we call "civil wrongs" or more commonly, "torts," which means you can sue somebody for assault and battery.

And that brings us to self-defense. If you're involved in a fight, you can be arrested and prosecuted, and you can also be sued. However, "self-defense" is a legal defense to a charge of assault and battery. Remember that I said we need a nice, handy rule to remember in the heat of the moment? The rule is this: You have the right to defend yourself, but it must be in response to an imminent threat, and your response must be proportional to the threat.

That means that if there's an imminent threat of battery-in other words, "assault"-you can defend yourself; you don't have to wait for the other person to actually make contact. However, the threat must be real-if what the law calls "a reasonable person" would believe that an attack is imminent, you can defend yourself. That's not a subjective standard; it doesn't matter what you personally think is reasonable. Instead, it's an objective standard of whether a theoretical "reasonable person," as determined by a jury, would believe that an attack is imminent. Of course, you can also defend yourself once the other person has actually hit you.

Now, if you're defending yourself, your defense must also be proportional to the threat. Generally, you are allowed to use the force that a "reasonable person" would believe to be necessary to stop the threatened, imminent, or actual attack. If a guy is threatening to punch you, for example, and a reasonable person would believe that the threatened attack is imminent, you are allowed to defend yourself with a force that is proportional to repel that threat-for example, by punching him before he can punch you. You're not allowed to respond by pulling out a gun and shooting him. However, self-defense can include lethal force, as long as you're facing an imminent threat of lethal force and there's no reasonable possibility of retreat. The key thing to remember is that you can only use the force necessary to repel the attack. And once the other person breaks off his attack, and effectively communicates to you that he's broken off the attack, you can't continue, you must also break off your defense. So what does "effectively communicates" mean? Well, it could mean the guy stops punching and, in the immortal words of Roberto Duran, says "no more." It could mean the guy stops punching and starts running from you. It could mean that you've knocked him unconscious. Once the other person communicates that the attack is over, in a way that would make a reasonable person believe that the attack was over, you must also break off your defense. If you don't, it's no longer self-defense, it's battery. You are allowed to use reasonable force, however, to hold the person while waiting for law enforcement to arrive.

There's one more limitation to self-defense that we should consider: You can't provoke somebody into attacking you so that you can retaliate and call it "self-defense." Well, what does that mean? What exactly is "provocation"? Generally, provocation would be an act or words that provoke the other person into fighting. So does that mean that any act or word could be provocation, no matter how sensitive the other person? No-it would all depend on whether a jury considers the act or words to be provocation. Obviously, provocation would include an assault or battery; if you provoke somebody into fighting by assaulting them, you would be the aggressor, and you would therefore be unable to claim "self-defense" if you subsequently respond to the other person's act of self-defense. It could also include other words or acts that provoke a fight, including words or acts intended to provoke a fight.

What about flipping the bird? Could that be a provocation? It appears so-indecent gestures are considered to be the equivalent of indecent or offensive language-what the Supreme Court has called "fighting words." If the person uttering the fighting words or the making the indecent gesture provokes a fight, and a jury considers the fighting words or indecent gesture to be a provocation, the person can't then fight back and claim self-defense. What about that buzzing-could that be provocation? Yes, if that's how a jury sees it.

Now that we've sorted those issues out, let's return to the scene of the altercation to answer your question. Who assaulted whom? You know, there really isn't a clear-cut answer. It's a complex question, with complex facts, and the answer would really depend on how a jury would view the evidence and testimony. But let's see if we can at least discern some of the possibilities.

First, your group ride is riding peacefully on a country road in deepest darkest West Virginia, when it's buzzed by the clan from Deliverance. Is the buzzing an assault? That would depend on whether the driver buzzed your group in order to create an apprehension of imminent harmful contact. If that was the driver's intent, then the driver assaulted everybody she buzzed. Of course, in order to prove assault, the driver's intent would have to be proved to a jury. Alternatively, the buzzing may be an act of provocation, whether it was intended to provoke a fight, or if it was simply provocative enough that a jury would find it to be an act of provocation.

So, after being buzzed, your group leader responded to this aggression by flipping the bird. Was that constitutionally-protected free speech, or was it a provocation? Because an indecent gesture is equivalent to indecent speech, it falls under the Supreme Court's "fighting words" doctrine, first put forth in a 1942 case, Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, which holds that indecent speech and fighting words are unprotected speech. Thus, for example, state law may prohibit the use of indecent speech and fighting words without violating the first amendment right to freedom of speech. And in fact, West Virginia law does exactly that in its disorderly conduct statute:


Any person who, in a public place ...disturbs the peace of others by violent, profane, indecent or boisterous conduct or language...and who persists in such conduct after being requested to desist by a law-enforcement officer acting in his lawful capacity, is guilty of disorderly conduct, a misdemeanor...



Fortunately for birdman, while his "we're number one" gesture was not protected speech, it didn't violate the disorderly conduct statute, because a law enforcement officer never requested that he desist.

But was his gesture "provocation"? It could be, depending on how a jury would view the act. Was flipping the bird sufficient provocation to fight? Was flipping the bird intended to start a fight? Suppose he had made the gesture and shouted something like "come back here and fight if you think you're a man"? While proving intent is not necessary to prove that an act was provocation, and is often difficult to prove, if intent to provoke a fight were proved, it is virtually certain that birdman would not be able to claim self-defense if he was subsequently attacked and fought back.

So, after your group was buzzed, birdman flipped the driver off, and the driver responded by sliding the car across your group's path, cutting you off. As your group approached, the driver was spewing profanities, the teenage passenger in the back was punching the air, and the "enraged and rather large passenger" leapt out of the car towards your group leader. Was that assault? As with the buzzing, that would depend on whether they intended to create an apprehension of imminent harmful contact. Would a reasonable person, as determined by a jury, believe that under the circumstances a harmful or physical contact was imminent? If so, birdman was assaulted. Alternatively, a jury may view this act on the part of the driver and passenger as a provocation to fight.

At this point, birdman pushed the passenger back into the car, and as he fell back, he struck birdman, shattering his helmet. Who assaulted whom? That would depend on the answers to the previous questions. If birdman was assaulted by the passenger as he exited the car, then pushing the passenger back into the car would be an act of self-defense, if:

Birdman did not provoke the assault with his gesture;
The threat of harmful physical contact was imminent; and
Birdman only used that force necessary to repel the threat;
If a jury were to find those three factors, then pushing the passenger back into the car would be an act of self-defense. If the jury did not find these three factors were present, then pushing the passenger back into the vehicle would be an act of battery, unless the jury found that birdman had been provoked in such a way that it could be assumed he would retaliate physically.

Now what about the passenger? As he was pushed back into the car, he struck birdman, shattering his helmet. Was that battery, or self-defense? If the passenger was battered by birdman as he exited the car, then striking birdman would be an act of self-defense, if:

The passenger and driver did not act in concert to provoke a fight by buzzing the group;
The passenger was not the initial aggressor. This means that jury would find that when he got out of the car to confront birdman, it was not an act of assault;
He was subjected to unwanted harmful or offensive physical contact;
He used only the force necessary to repel the attack.
If a jury were to find those four factors, then striking birdman would be an act of self-defense. If the jury did not find these four factors were present, then striking birdman would be an act of battery.

It's only possible for one of the combatants to be engaged in self-defense; the other combatant would be committing an act of battery. However, an interesting twist to all of this centers on whether there was an act of provocation, and the intent behind that act. If an act of provocation is made with the assumption that the other person would attempt to retaliate physically, the person retaliating in response to the provocation may have a defense against battery. For example, if the driver and passenger assumed that they would provoke a fight by buzzing the group and then confronting them, birdman's push may not be an act of battery, even if the passenger did not commit assault by getting out of the car. Similarly, if birdman assumed that he would provoke a fight by flipping the bird, the passenger's response may not be an act of assault. As with self-defense, only one of the combatants can be a provocateur.

So, who assaulted whom? As you can see, there really isn't a clear-cut answer. It would all depend on how a jury would view the evidence and testimony. There's one sure lesson we can take from this for our next ride: You have the right to defend yourself, but it must be in response to an imminent threat, and your response must be proportional to the threat.
Good luck,
Bob
__________________
As with mud, life, too, slides by.
apclassic9 is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 10:00 AM
  #2  
totally louche
 
Bekologist's Avatar
 
Join Date: Oct 2004
Location: A land that time forgot
Posts: 18,023

Bikes: the ever shifting stable loaded with comfortable road bikes and city and winter bikes

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 10 Times in 9 Posts
I pack pepper spray on all my bikes. Big, Red Bull sized cans, pump strapped to the seattube just above the front derailluer.

if a car stops after a harassing move and altercation, and a person gets out, I consider that an imminent threat to my being and will preemtively hose them down with pepper spray. and claim self-defense if necessary.
Bekologist is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 02:30 PM
  #3  
Senior Member
 
John Wilke's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2005
Location: Milwaukee
Posts: 3,917
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1 Time in 1 Post
Wow, that's a long response.
John Wilke is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 06:10 PM
  #4  
Devilmaycare Cycling Fool
 
Allister's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2001
Location: Wynnum, Australia
Posts: 3,819

Bikes: 1998 Cannondale F700

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by John Wilke
Wow, that's a long response.
Especially considering it basically amounted to 'It depends'.

I reckon stopping and getting out of a car in response to getting the bird flipped at them is pretty disproportional. It'd be a real stretch to claim that as self defence.

Last edited by Allister; 09-13-07 at 06:17 PM.
Allister is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 07:37 PM
  #5  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jun 2006
Posts: 1,404
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1 Time in 1 Post
Judge Judy would tell both parties to GROW UP! CASE DISMISSED!
McDave is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 08:39 PM
  #6  
Senior Curmudgeon
 
Halfast's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Tejas
Posts: 367

Bikes: Miyata, Fuji

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Ya need to go read Texas law. Retreat is NO LONGER REQUIRED, and I can shoot somebody for punching me. I have a CCW permit, and carry while cycling.
Halfast is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 09:14 PM
  #7  
Bottecchia fan
 
Join Date: Aug 2003
Location: Colorado Springs, CO
Posts: 3,520

Bikes: 1959 Bottecchia Milano-Sanremo (frame), 1966 Bottecchia Professional (frame), 1971 Bottecchia Professional (frame), 1973 Bottecchia Gran Turismo, 1974 Bottecchia Special, 1977 Bottecchia Special (frame), 1974 Peugeot UO-8

Mentioned: 2 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 33 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 12 Times in 9 Posts
Hmmm...everyone has to make that sort of decision for themselves but I'll tell you a story - I'm a fairly big guy. I work out regularly, ride a lot, have a very fit physique, and weigh 200-lbs. Now I know there's some of you out there who look like Hulk Hogan but most people would not try their luck with me. On the other hand, I'm not a trained fighter nor even an experienced bar brawler. Once, when I was around 20 or so a neighbor kid got a new set of boxing gloves for his birthday or Christmas or something. He was out showing us all his new gloves. He was around 15 but he was a golden glove champ who later turned pro. He asked if anybody wanted to spar with him. I had probably 4-inches and 40-lbs on him so I figured, "what the f..., why not?" Well, I never laid a glove on the guy and he popped me any time he wanted. I guess I could have tackled him and made it a wrestling match but I conceded. The point being, unless you are an experienced fighter, there's a good chance that the 6'6" 300-lb guy with the 65 IQ from the Deliverance family is going to get out and whip your skinny cyclist a**. Or maybe the guy with the gold chains and the overpowered sub-woofer will pull out his "9" and pop a few caps at you. As far as I'm concerned, it ain't worth it. Too many wild-eyed nut jobs with nothing to loose. I got a wife and kid and all that stuff so I'm content to just let it go rather than argue about whether I technically had the legal right to respond. If I have to debate whether I should or shouldn't respond, the answer is already clear. If the situation arises that I HAVE to respond, I suspect it will be just as clear and it probably won't be while I'm riding my bike.
Kommisar89 is offline  
Old 09-13-07, 10:28 PM
  #8  
Mooninite
 
shakeNbake's Avatar
 
Join Date: May 2006
Location: South of Heaven
Posts: 3,186

Bikes: $53 Walmart Special

Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 3 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 2 Times in 1 Post
tl;dr

(too long; didn't read)
shakeNbake is offline  
Old 09-14-07, 03:19 PM
  #9  
Senior Member
 
John Wilke's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2005
Location: Milwaukee
Posts: 3,917
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1 Time in 1 Post
Originally Posted by Halfast
Ya need to go read Texas law. Retreat is NO LONGER REQUIRED, and I can shoot somebody for punching me. I have a CCW permit, and carry while cycling.
Wonderful. Another good reason not to visit Texas.



(Especially with a signature line like that.)
John Wilke is offline  
Old 09-14-07, 03:42 PM
  #10  
blithering idiot
 
jhota's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2004
Location: beautiful coastal South Carolina
Posts: 1,263

Bikes: 1991 Trek 930, 2005 Bianchi Eros, 2006 Nashbar "X," IRO Rob Roy

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 3 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
you know, i read that as "both parties are idiots."
jhota is offline  
Old 09-14-07, 04:30 PM
  #11  
Senior Curmudgeon
 
Halfast's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jun 2006
Location: Tejas
Posts: 367

Bikes: Miyata, Fuji

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by John Wilke
Wonderful. Another good reason not to visit Texas.



(Especially with a signature line like that.)
PLEASE stay out of Texas. We got more than enough Yankees and Left Coast folks invading!!!
Halfast is offline  
Old 09-14-07, 04:37 PM
  #12  
Dances With Cars
 
TRaffic Jammer's Avatar
 
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Toronto, Canada
Posts: 10,527

Bikes: TBL Onyx Pro(ss converted), Pake SS (starting to look kinda pimped)

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 0 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
If he's gonna get out of his ride to thump ya then he's fair game and it's all self defense. Kick the door shut when the first foot hits the ground....he won't chase.
TRaffic Jammer is offline  
Old 09-16-07, 12:49 PM
  #13  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2003
Location: Leeds UK
Posts: 2,085
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 38 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 4 Times in 3 Posts
Originally Posted by shakeNbake
tl;dr

(too long; didn't read)
Pity - it was v. informative and v. clearly described
atbman is offline  

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are Off
Pingbacks are Off
Refbacks are Off



Contact Us - Archive - Advertising - Cookie Policy - Privacy Statement - Terms of Service -

Copyright © 2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved. Use of this site indicates your consent to the Terms of Use.