Dawn dishwashing liquid soap first. It doesn't leave any residue after a reasonable rinse. Wildlife rescuers use it to clean animals after oil spills and similar events.
Then whatever stronger solvents you prefer or can obtain locally. Goo Gone works better than WD-40 for many bike cleanup chores, and washes clean more easily. With WD-40 you'd need to follow up with a solvent to clean off the slick residue -- rubbing alcohol, fingernail polish remover, acetone, etc.
Start with the least abrasive materials. Those white sponges used to erase dry-mark whiteboards work on some stains, with minimal surface damage -- pretty much zero damage to rims, but might damage some fine paint finishes. I've used Scotch-Brite pads to clean rims and brake pads. No problems.