You can check with the local paint stores. The ones that sell nothing but paint typically have empty cans. A quart size will do ya as long as you go easy with the shaking to avoid denting it badly from the inside. Just don't shake it around like a set of maracas !
You could even improve this setup by buying some 1/4 inch square grid screen. That stuff is stiff enough that you could make a "cup" like shape with it that you deform a little then push it edge lip downward into the can. Then with a little tweaking straighten it up at the bottom of the can so the chain cannot rest on the bottom. That way all the grunge settles through the chain and screen to the bottom. And it's open enough that you can easily fish the chain out with your fingers while wearing proper nitrile gloves.
Yes it will require a paint can opener. But with some reasonable care it can last a LONG time. And if you don't use enough care then at least they only charge a buck or so for the cans.
Gloves you ask? Why yes... Solvent absorption through the skin is a serious enough thing that it's worth protecting yourself. It can cause irritated skin and even ezcema on a lot of folks. And over time if using the solvent often enough can cause damage to internal organs. It's bad enough that we breath the fumes. At least protect your skin and cut down on how much you take in. Gloves are cheap.