As a general rule, I stick with the cars and don't use 'special' accomodations.
I would ride the road in all three instances. In example one, if there is a construction zone and heavy traffic, speeds are usually lower than posted with lots of stop and go which I don't find threatening. If it's bumper-to-bumper, once you get the first car behind you slowed, the rest have to slow.
In the second example, with three same-direction lanes again, there is plenty of opportunity for cars to merge over and pass.
In example 3 I don't use paths....