You can buy a product called "Bikewash" which you spray on the bike and rise it off with a hose. Gets all the stuff off the bottom of the down tube and under the fork, brakes, and the seat stays.

Chain..Park makes a chain cleaner device, which you fill with chain cleaner, close it over the chain and turn the pedals. Scrubs the chain and helps clean the cluster. Finishline makes good cleaners to spray on.

To relube the chain, use Dumonde Tech lube, but for a road bike use the "lite" in the bottle that looks yellow. Best stuff out there.

As long as you just wash down the bike, everything will be fine..unless you have really inexpensive components.