Glueless is a bit of a misnomer. The patches have an adhesive (or glue) to attach them to the tube. A bit like clipless pedals which have clips to grab the cleats on the shoes...

My briefest experience with instant-fix patches suggests they are not, in fact, a long-term fix. YMMV, as Raiyn's obviously has.

Rubber cement, "vulcanising" patches, and a kitchen table are the best way to go. For roadside puncture repair, the kitchen table's a bit impractical (but not improbable if you're towing a trailer and moving house), so a spare tube as per Berny is the best way to go.

I'm not sure, but I think vulcanising comes from the days when tube patches were set alight to fuse the patch and tube rubber together. I remember watching my father do it several times. There was quite a process involved.

I suppose there is a term for using cold contact cement and the patch, but vulcanise doesn't come to mind. Maybe "coldanise". I don't recall either term being used on the packaging or instructions of ordinary tube repair kits.