I've wondered about that. I think that is technically true, but to a degree that is not very significant. My understanding is that your caloric requirements will go up VERY slightly in colder temperatures, unless you make yourself so cold that you constantly shiver. That's not very healthy or pleasant. I'd rather just eat less than sit and shiver.

What indicates there's a significant savings here? How many calories will you burn by dropping your thermostat from 70 to 64? I think it will probably be only perhaps a few calories per day.

Of course, it's sold to zoos. You want the stuff that's specifically formulated to great apes. It apparently has all the charm of eating cardboard. And it comes in 50 pound bags, so you're gonna eat a lot of it.

Sigh...
The draft neanderthal genome is 99.7% identical to version 19 of the normalized NCBI human assembly. Given that variation between humans approaches 0.15% this very strongly suggests that there has been very little genetic evolution over the past few hundred thousand years.

Much later divergence than the origin of eating meat, therefore, diets between the two were/are similar.

Why would one expect more than a 0.3% difference?

In fact, this is a moot point and reduces your credibility to design an accurate comparison (unless this is your positive/negative control depending on hypothesis, which you haven't provided).

Sigh.

I went to college down wind of the factory. god, did that place smell awful!

What have genomes got to do with not liking winter, and why not learn to ride in winter...just NOT at well below zero as is plaguing a great deal of the nation currently? THAT is deadly.

The weather must be creating the off-topic flu.

Clearly comparative genomics (or genomics of any kind) is not your strong point. If you are truly interested in this question, these figures should help you understand my point:

http://www.sciencemag.org/content/32...0/F3.large.jpg
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/32...expansion.html
http://www.pnas.org/content/108/13/5...expansion.html
http://www.pnas.org/content/109/3/847/F1.large.jpg

(Anyone not affiliated with an academic institution who wants to view the figures and/or papers in question can pm me.)

All of the genomics data is OK. The logical fallacy you're committing is that the newest findings stress that Neanderthals ate a similar diet to modern day man.

Essentially, in laymans terms, you need to go further backward.

Your degence of veganism is on wobbly ground, at best.

A logical fallacy that you first made up thread when you argued that we evolved to eat meat. :rolleyes:

Sorry for the derail, everyone else.

It's proven ... you're doing the wrong analysis ... by simply assuming that all evolution is based on primary DNA sequence and that no epigenetic regulation is possible ... comparative genomics is a pretty feeble measure of evolution :lol:

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%...l.pone.0046414

I feel your pain. My summer commute is about an hour and a half. Putting studs on instantly increases that that to two hours, on dry roads. And we haven't had any dry roads in over a month, so my commutes have been taking more like 2.5 hrs. In the dark. And there is NO way to keep the feet warm.

Add in the 25 minute ritual of getting dressed, making hot tea (hard to drink the block of ice your waterbottle would turn into), charging all the various lights. The time commitment is crazy.

I'm going to try to scale it back a little and maybe mix it up with some cross country skiing. The dog would probably appreciate a walk once in a while as well :lol:.

So what killed them? They stopped breathing, no doubt.

I'm not eating a Vega anyway...I'd rather eat Bentleys.

What are use using on your feet? I like insulated winter boots and flat pedals. For the clippy types, shimano, northwave, and 45 north have insulated winter clipless boots.

Let's try to stay on topic and stop discussing this silly bike stuff. Sigh. Back to evolution, please.

8 more weeks of winter ? can I hold you to that . I am tired of winter also .

I'm using platform pedals now, and just got some BIG sorel boots, with room for three pairs of wool socks and I can still wiggle my toes. I can keep my feet warm for an hour and a half. It is the last hour that kills me. I tried some new chemical warmers, and they seemed to work better. My "Little Hotties" give out after an hour and a half; these "Hot Spot" warmers were still going strong hours after my ride. I also got some aerogel insoles, and they seemed to help. I survived a 3 hr ride at -14°F, so I guess I shouldn't complain.

The problem is not lack of insulation, the problem is pressure on my feet squeezing all the blood out. I know I should "spin" more, but have you tried spinning while riding Sorels? The boots alone weigh 5 or 6 pounds. If I get off my bike and walk it for a half mile, my toes warm up, even though my heart rate goes way down. But stopping and walking makes my commute even longer . . .and I might even start to get Angry at Winter!

Next thing I'm going to try is some energy bars made of that Purina Ape chow. Ape Chow . . . mmmmmm. Makes me warm just thinking about it.

Layer with some wool felt liners instead of 3 wool socks to keep the blood flowing inside your feet. One wool socks with 1 or 2 layers of wool felt liners.
If it was me I would focus on having some room to let the blood flowing and would focus on adding several insoles (wool, reflective aluminum, aerogel...) + the plastic bag socks (vapor barrier)
In my case for long rides i wear vapor barrier socks in my mukluks so that the length of the ride has nearly no impact on my feet comfort. I did a 12hr ride the other day at 0F with one 1/2hr part walking and pushing the bike in 3 feet deep snow and my feet were comfy all day long.

I have large( size 15 ) feet. Right now I'm using NEOS overshoes, a liner with some support, and my inserts from my sorrels with thick and thin sock. Works great. bulky but not heavy and very warm. 3 hours at 14 F.