The stuff on my snowboards is .... 15 years old and IMO lived in a pretty wet environment if you include melted snow and spring skiing. No hint of peeling and no noticable loss of reflectivity. I'm sure the newer stuff is just better.

the 3M reflective tape comes off easily with help from an orange or lime-based degreaser.. I tired it and it works very well without leaving any residue. it's almost impossible to remove otherwise. don't use anything stronger or you risk stripping your paint.

I just got done prepping my IF for evening rides. I avoided the paint marring issue by not putting the reflective tape on any frame surface. The decals went on my rims, hubs, bottle cages, bottles, cables, helmet and crank arms.

Like the shelf liner idea, you can apply electrical tape and then put the reflective tape on top of that.

the marine grade tape I used went on for good. I added it to the bikes and clothes. whatever you do, think permanent.

Foil based tapes like the Reflexite is pretty easy to remove. You can actually use the recently removed tape to remove leftover adhesive. Vinyl based tapes like the 3M Scotchlite is a total pain in the butt to get rid of.