Go Back  Bike Forums > Bike Forums > General Cycling Discussion
Reload this Page >

Serious opinions on saddle ED risks - backed by science

Search
Notices
General Cycling Discussion Have a cycling related question or comment that doesn't fit in one of the other specialty forums? Drop on in and post in here! When possible, please select the forum above that most fits your post!

Serious opinions on saddle ED risks - backed by science

Thread Tools
 
Search this Thread
 
Old 01-23-16, 09:05 PM
  #26  
Old Fart
 
Stucky's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2014
Location: Bumpkinsville
Posts: 3,348

Bikes: '97 Klein Quantum '16 Gravity Knockout

Mentioned: 3 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 163 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 3 Times in 2 Posts
Originally Posted by slimyfrog
Strava or it didn't happen.
OHhhhh! So THAT'S what "PB" stands for! (The "P" is for 'popped'.....)
Stucky is offline  
Old 01-23-16, 09:09 PM
  #27  
Full Member
Thread Starter
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Washington DC area
Posts: 335
Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 55 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 57 Times in 25 Posts
Originally Posted by qcpmsame
If something was hurting me,
Bill
Precisely my point. We simply don't know if we're hurting ourselves since a compressed penile artery won't provide warning. The tingling is from nerves. Not looking for absolutes here, just wanted people's opinions on how they felt about (not) knowing. Seems most don't need much more assurance. As I mentioned in my original post, most of us have evaluated ourselves, and wouldn't bother with pressure mapping or the oxy measurements shown on YouTube by Specialized. Love vintage steel and Brooks, logged many safe miles, maybe the bent is where I belong.
uprightbent is offline  
Old 01-23-16, 09:19 PM
  #28  
Full Member
Thread Starter
 
Join Date: Aug 2005
Location: Washington DC area
Posts: 335
Mentioned: 1 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 55 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 57 Times in 25 Posts
Originally Posted by fietsbob
So? get off your arse and stand on the pedals occasionally ..
I mentioned this in the original post. Was curious how many thought, or were even concerned about 80% blood loss while not standing on the pedals. Who's gonna ride out of the saddle all day. This is the temporary or non scientific remedy I was hoping to get beyond. The truth is many of us are so addicted to cycling, we'd risk damage nonetheless.
uprightbent is offline  
Old 01-23-16, 09:27 PM
  #29  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 1,953
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 42 Post(s)
Liked 6 Times in 6 Posts
Sitting in a chair for extended periods of time will cause all kinds of health problems.
Running will cause joint damage.
Football, Soccer and Rugby will cause brain damage, neck compression, and a myriad of permanent physical injuries.
Sitting on a couch will kill you.
Cooking in a kitchen will damage your hands, skin and feet.
Working at a computer will cause permanent tunnel carpal, neck, shoulder and back pain.
Pregnancy will jack up a woman's body for 9 months and then some and permanently alter their physical makeup.

Living sure sucks.
If your gonads can't handle one of the hundreds of bike seats out there, go sit in a recumbent.
Who cares what other people are doing. Their bodies have nothing to do with yours.
If you can't feel your badong, you need to do something about it.
cruiserhead is offline  
Old 01-23-16, 10:08 PM
  #30  
Senior Member
 
slimyfrog's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2015
Location: SF East Bay
Posts: 349
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 18 Post(s)
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by cruiserhead
Sitting in a chair for extended periods of time will cause all kinds of health problems.
Running will cause joint damage.
Football, Soccer and Rugby will cause brain damage, neck compression, and a myriad of permanent physical injuries.
Sitting on a couch will kill you.
Cooking in a kitchen will damage your hands, skin and feet.
Working at a computer will cause permanent tunnel carpal, neck, shoulder and back pain.
Pregnancy will jack up a woman's body for 9 months and then some and permanently alter their physical makeup.

Living sure sucks.
If your gonads can't handle one of the hundreds of bike seats out there, go sit in a recumbent.
Who cares what other people are doing. Their bodies have nothing to do with yours.
If you can't feel your badong, you need to do something about it.
This is always very true and comes up periodically when people bring up fear of injuries.
However, maybe OP has a point. This thread is making me wonder if maybe I do in fact take my 'badong' for granted. If I had to make a list of all the body parts I worry about injuring while cycling, Mr Froggy isn't ranking very high. I mean... I have no complaints. He's done a fine job over the years, but you can still have a lot of fun (and sex) without a functioning peepee, but you can't do any cycling at all with a busted knee...
slimyfrog is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 09:26 AM
  #31  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Apr 2015
Location: Morris County, NJ
Posts: 1,102

Bikes: 90's Bianchi Premio, Raleigh-framed fixed gear, Trek 3500, Centurion hybrid, Dunelt 3-spd, Trek 800

Mentioned: 40 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 2167 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 2 Times in 2 Posts
Originally Posted by uprightbent
Precisely my point. We simply don't know if we're hurting ourselves since a compressed penile artery won't provide warning. The tingling is from nerves. Not looking for absolutes here, just wanted people's opinions on how they felt about (not) knowing. Seems most don't need much more assurance. As I mentioned in my original post, most of us have evaluated ourselves, and wouldn't bother with pressure mapping or the oxy measurements shown on YouTube by Specialized. Love vintage steel and Brooks, logged many safe miles, maybe the bent is where I belong.
Is the problem temporary numbness while riding, long-term numbness (even days after riding), or long-term ED? Three different - and possibly unrelated - scenarios.

I don't have a saddle with a central valley, but the design should eliminate perineal pressure. If not, the only remaining source of pressure would be a garment, right? With or without the valley, a too-narrow saddle can cause central pressure rather than on the sit-bones, where it belongs. I'd analyze these variables before giving up on upright bikes. I might also find a urologist who is also an experienced cyclist.

As already noted in this thread, every male experiences some reduction of potency AND libido as a normal consequence of aging. The impulse to find an external cause is part of our male pride. In the movie Dr. Strangelove, an Air Force general blew up the world because he believed water fluoridation was a communist plot to rob American men of their potency. The inspiration for this delusion was his own experience with ED. If he had had access to Viagra, the world might have been saved.
habilis is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 10:04 AM
  #32  
Senior Member
 
metalheart44's Avatar
 
Join Date: Sep 2010
Location: The Northwoods, Wisconsin
Posts: 702

Bikes: Holland Exogrid & Holland HC

Mentioned: 3 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 98 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 8 Times in 6 Posts
If you do a search using Google Scholar (Cycling and Erectile Dysfunction) there are a number of hits, some providing useful information. It appears there is a good body of literature about the topic and you may have to wade through it to find a comprehensive overview, but the work is there. Here are just a couple of abstracts to show some examples.........

[h=1]ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION AFTER A LONG-DISTANCE CYCLING EVENT: ASSOCIATIONS WITH BICYCLE CHARACTERISTICS[/h][h=3]Purpose:[/h]We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the relationship between bicycle characteristics and the occurrence of erectile dysfunction.
[h=3]Materials and Methods:[/h]Subjects consisted of 463 cyclists completing a cycling event of at least 320 km who were free of erectile dysfunction before their event.
[h=3]Results:[/h]The cumulative incidence of erectile dysfunction after the ride was 4.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.4%–6.8%) and 1.8% (95% CI 0.7%–3.8%) 1 week and 1 month after the event, respectively. Bicycle characteristics associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction included a mountain bicycle compared with a road bicycle (risk ratio [RR] 4.1, 95% CI 1.6–12.5), and the relative height of the handlebars parallel with or higher than the saddle compared with the relative handlebar height lower than the saddle (RR 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–9.3). Perineal numbness during the ride was experienced by 31% of the cyclists and was associated with erectile dysfunction (RR 4.4, 95% CI 1.6–12.7). Saddle cutouts were associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction among those who experienced numbness (RR 6.0, 95% CI 1.3–27.1), but the association was reversed among those who did not report numbness (RR 0.3, 95% CI 0.0–2.5).
[h=3]Conclusions:[/h]If the associations described are causal, then cyclists on a long-distance ride may be able to decrease the risk of erectile dysfunction by riding a road bicycle instead of a mountain bicycle, keeping handlebar height lower than saddle height and using a saddle without a cutout if perineal numbness is experie

And, then there is this article that suggests cycling may be helpful preventing ED:


Does bicycling contribute to the risk of erectile dysfunction? Resultsfrom the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS)



Because the logistic regression model includedenergy expenditure, it does not merely suggest thatmoderate cycling, when added to little or noexercise, has a beneficial effect on ED. It impliesthat substituting bicycling for another activity mayprotect against ED. We have reported previously thatphysical activity, known to have an inverse relationwith heart disease,24,25 is also associated with theprobability of developing ED.26 In the MMAS, thehighest risk for ED was in men who remainedsedentary, and the lowest levels of ED were in menwho began exercising or continued exercisingbetween baseline and follow-up.26 Our analyseslooking at cycling further support this finding. Evenwhen controlling for a variety of factors, moderatecycling is not associated with moderate or completeED in the MMAS. In fact, we found that moderatecyclists are less likely to have ED than those who donot cycle (although the 95% CI includes 1) and sportcyclists are more likely to have ED (although the CIis very broad).







Impotence and genital numbness in cyclists.

Cyclists often complain of genital numbness and even of impotence. The purpose of this study was to determine if perineal compression during cycling causes changes in the penile blood supply, impotence and penile numbness. Forty healthy athletic men with a mean age of 30 +/- 5.3 years took part in the study. Transcutaneous penile oxygen pressure was obtained using a device consisting of a modified Clark pO2 electrode, attached to the glans of the penis. All men were measured in a standing position before, in a seated and standing position during and in a standing position after cycling. Additionally, a detailed interview was carried out with each man. The penile blood supply--which correlates with the transcutaneous PO2 at the glans-- decreased significantly in over 70% of the test subjects during cycling in a seated position. Cycling in a standing position did not show any alteration in the penile blood supply as compared to the values measured before exercising. Numbness of the genital region was reported by 61% of the cyclists. 19% of cyclists who had a weekly training distance of more than 400 km complained of erectile dysfunction. The results of the present study showed that there is a deficiency in penile perfusion due to perineal arterial compression. This could be a reason for penile numbness and impotence in long-distance cyclists. Therefore, we suggest restricting the training distance, and taking sufficient pauses during the course of prolonged and vigorous bicycle riding, in order to avoid penile numbness and impotence.
metalheart44 is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 10:15 AM
  #33  
Banned
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: NW,Oregon Coast
Posts: 43,598

Bikes: 8

Mentioned: 197 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 7607 Post(s)
Liked 1,355 Times in 862 Posts
A New York Times piece helped sell the Local Shop's noseless saddle .. to a reader of an article on that topic ...

Cause: Reading .. effect.. bought stuff.

@ 68, my Hormones are in Remission
fietsbob is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 10:46 AM
  #34  
Senior Member
 
zonatandem's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2003
Location: Tucson, AZ
Posts: 11,016

Bikes: Custom Zona c/f tandem + Scott Plasma single

Mentioned: 3 Post(s)
Tagged: 1 Thread(s)
Quoted: 77 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 19 Times in 11 Posts
Age 83; over 300,000 miles of bicycling since the 1970s.
Pedaled 4,500 miles in 2015.

I'm fine!
So what's the problem?
Attached Images
File Type: jpg
Tour of Utah.jpg (48.5 KB, 23 views)
File Type: jpg
402420679.jpg (105.9 KB, 20 views)
zonatandem is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 02:11 PM
  #35  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 1,953
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 42 Post(s)
Liked 6 Times in 6 Posts
Originally Posted by fietsbob
Cause: Reading .. effect.. bought stuff.
Exactly
The internet causes a lot of mental dysfunction.
Too much reading on the internet makes some people believe they have done actual work, actual research, found "the truth" or exposed something new.

In fact, all most have done is digested a lot of opinion and garbage. Usually all condensed into forums like this.
cruiserhead is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 07:54 PM
  #36  
Rubber side down
 
Clipped_in's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2011
Location: Teh Quickie Mart
Posts: 1,769

Bikes: are fun! :-)

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 5 Post(s)
Liked 225 Times in 105 Posts
Originally Posted by zonatandem
Age 83; over 300,000 miles of bicycling since the 1970s.
Pedaled 4,500 miles in 2015.

I'm fine!
So what's the problem?
Kudos to you sir! Wishing you many happy and potent miles ahead.
Clipped_in is offline  
Old 01-24-16, 09:00 PM
  #37  
Member
 
oldgrowth45's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2015
Location: Portland Oregon
Posts: 37
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 1 Time in 1 Post
Originally Posted by zonatandem
Age 83; over 300,000 miles of bicycling since the 1970s.
Pedaled 4,500 miles in 2015.

I'm fine!
So what's the problem?
And not to sound weird, but looking great for your age. Keep on riding!

To the OP, I would turn the question back to you. Is the reason for the post due to personal problems you're experiencing? I think plenty have commented that ED has many causes, and sometimes it's a combination of several things: diet, stress, etc.
My own personal experience, I've spent large amounts of time on a variety of bikes since I was seven up to the present - at one point I even earned a living on my bike (was a bike messenger for three years back in the late '80's). I have a healthy family and an enjoyable sex life. Sure, there's times after a real long ride when I'll feel a little numb down there, but I've never noticed anything serious. I'm of the belief that a lot of what's going on with your little head is directly related to your big head, so I don't really worry too much about bike seats and ED. The human body has an amazing ability to adapt and cope with a tremendous range of stressors and thrive. Use it or loose it.
oldgrowth45 is offline  
Old 01-25-16, 06:44 PM
  #38  
Senior Member
 
Road Fan's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2005
Location: Ann Arbor, MI
Posts: 16,874

Bikes: 1980 Masi, 1984 Mondonico, 1984 Trek 610, 1980 Woodrup Giro, 2005 Mondonico Futura Leggera ELOS, 1967 PX10E, 1971 Peugeot UO-8

Mentioned: 49 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1856 Post(s)
Liked 664 Times in 506 Posts
Originally Posted by habilis
What's the BG area - Between the Gonads? Who is measuring what, and how? Are they putting a blood-pressure cuff around the junk? Sounds like Saturday Night Live material.

There are many causes of ED, including worrying about ED. Whatever the reason, that little blue pill can help. I have two Brooks B17s and a Bontrager SSR, all without cutouts. My main problem is with mild pressure on the sit bones, a small price to pay for the rewards and benefits of cycling.
Specialized saddles are part of a product line Specialized calls "Body Geometry."
Road Fan is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 11:34 AM
  #39  
Banned.
 
Join Date: Dec 2007
Posts: 27,199
Mentioned: 34 Post(s)
Tagged: 1 Thread(s)
Quoted: 378 Post(s)
Liked 1,409 Times in 909 Posts
ED and saddles.

There's a cure for that.

Marriage.
RobbieTunes is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 12:20 PM
  #40  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2007
Location: Gaseous Cloud around Uranus
Posts: 3,741
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 38 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 11 Times in 7 Posts
What's ED?.....Is 50 years and hundreds of thousands of miles riding enough to get it?.....

If you ride long distance and things are tingling and going to sleep,somethings really wrong with your bike setup.Otherwise you could get ED just from sitting period.

If your saddle isn't wide enough for your hiney for example,saddles too high,saddles too rounded on top,not enough back tilt......I could see all kinds of problems that could arise....or not arise......

Last edited by Booger1; 02-05-16 at 12:41 PM.
Booger1 is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 01:48 PM
  #41  
Senior Member
 
ColaJacket's Avatar
 
Join Date: Apr 2015
Location: Raleigh, NC
Posts: 1,892

Bikes: Fuji Sportif 1.3 C - 2014

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 5 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Originally Posted by Booger1
What's ED?.....Is 50 years and hundreds of thousands of miles riding enough to get it?.....

If you ride long distance and things are tingling and going to sleep,somethings really wrong with your bike setup.Otherwise you could get ED just from sitting period.

If your saddle isn't wide enough for your hiney for example,saddles too high,saddles too rounded on top,not enough back tilt......I could see all kinds of problems that could arise....or not arise......
I don't lean forward on a small triangular piece of plastic when I'm normally sitting.

Changed seat to get a cutout without changing anything else significantly in the setup, and this got rid of the problem.

GH
ColaJacket is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 01:52 PM
  #42  
Senior Member
 
andr0id's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2009
Posts: 2,522
Mentioned: 11 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 1422 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 7 Times in 5 Posts
Originally Posted by Stucky
I have the opposite problem- I'm 53, and since taking up cycling, it got bigger....and more frequent..... But then, I don't do epic rides.
I hate it when on a long ride, you have to stop at a light and blood err... pools in your extremities, shall we say. Then you have to ride a couple of miles to redistribute that blood into the rest of the circulatory system.

I get very light headed due to several quarts being diverted.



These studies rarely elaborate on which kind of saddle are being used or the general fitness of the riders in question. My personal opinion is that too much padding on either the saddle or on the rider is probably the major cause of excess compression of the artery.

A fit rider with a narrow saddle that promotes sitting on the iliac tuberosities is likely the solution to this problem.

Last edited by andr0id; 02-05-16 at 01:58 PM.
andr0id is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 02:13 PM
  #43  
Senior Member
 
Seattle Forrest's Avatar
 
Join Date: Mar 2010
Location: Seattle, WA
Posts: 23,208
Mentioned: 89 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 18883 Post(s)
Liked 10,646 Times in 6,054 Posts
Originally Posted by uprightbent
... this subject [is] a black hole of facts. Just a bunch of opinions, but nobody really knowing until it might be too late.
That's true of most of life. Are fats healthy or bad for you? What about eggs? Is it safer to have a gun in the house or will that get you shot one night? Raise your kids in the city or the country? At some point, you've got to decide what makes the most sense to you and take your chances.
Seattle Forrest is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 02:47 PM
  #44  
Old Fart
 
Stucky's Avatar
 
Join Date: Dec 2014
Location: Bumpkinsville
Posts: 3,348

Bikes: '97 Klein Quantum '16 Gravity Knockout

Mentioned: 3 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 163 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 3 Times in 2 Posts
Originally Posted by andr0id
I hate it when on a long ride, you have to stop at a light and blood err... pools in your extremities, shall we say. Then you have to ride a couple of miles to redistribute that blood into the rest of the circulatory system.

I get very light headed due to several quarts being diverted.


But think of the aero benefit- having a protruding spar with which to break the wind. (At other times, the only wind-breaking that occurs is from the rear.)
Stucky is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 04:26 PM
  #45  
Buddy
 
Ratzinger's Avatar
 
Join Date: Aug 2007
Location: Toronto
Posts: 684

Bikes: 80s Gardin. Green fixed-gear. POS mountain bike.

Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 5 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 0 Times in 0 Posts
Maybe it's a black hole of facts just because there isn't a huge risk to genital health. Some people do experience problems, and you cited a couple examples, but it's nothing compared to the risk of getting hit by a car, for example.

The seemingly very low risk of E.D. plus the benefits of exercise (general health=penis health as well) make me not worried about cycling when it comes to genitals.
Ratzinger is offline  
Old 02-05-16, 04:51 PM
  #46  
Senior Member
 
SpeshulEd's Avatar
 
Join Date: Feb 2013
Location: Phoenix, AZ
Posts: 8,088
Mentioned: 10 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 686 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 5 Times in 5 Posts
Originally Posted by RobbieTunes
ED and saddles.

There's a cure for that.

Marriage.
One could argue a mistress or divorce is a better cure...
__________________
Hey guys, lets go play bikes! Strava

SpeshulEd is offline  
Old 02-08-16, 12:57 PM
  #47  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Sep 2007
Location: Gaseous Cloud around Uranus
Posts: 3,741
Mentioned: 0 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 38 Post(s)
Likes: 0
Liked 11 Times in 7 Posts
When leaning forwards on your triangle,your sit bones should still be riding on the saddle,not soft tissue,arteries and the like.
Booger1 is offline  
Old 02-08-16, 02:15 PM
  #48  
Senior Member
 
Join Date: Jul 2008
Location: Minneapolis, MN
Posts: 6,432
Mentioned: 13 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 539 Post(s)
Liked 44 Times in 38 Posts
I've actually fixed this issue for myself.

For non-biking reasons, I started doing Pilates, then I hired a physical therapist for 3 one-on-one sessions. My work has free Yoga so I've been doing that as well.

Some of the core muscles just didn't activate for me before the one-on-one stuff. It wasn't as much a matter of them being weak, it was more a matter of them not turning on at all. Physical therapy helped with that, pilates helped strengthen them once they were moving.

I've been riding the same winter bike I was riding last year when I'd get "numbness", it's been 100% no problem this year. It's been great. I went back to flat shoes and pedals, no more numbness downstairs when riding, I definitely look forward to riding more than I did last year. Now if spring would just hurry up and get here... :-)
PaulRivers is offline  
Old 02-08-16, 02:21 PM
  #49  
Banned
 
Join Date: Jun 2010
Location: NW,Oregon Coast
Posts: 43,598

Bikes: 8

Mentioned: 197 Post(s)
Tagged: 0 Thread(s)
Quoted: 7607 Post(s)
Liked 1,355 Times in 862 Posts
Science requires research grants and having a Biomechanics Lab at your disposal .. who wants to Fund It?
fietsbob is offline  
Related Topics
Thread
Thread Starter
Forum
Replies
Last Post
thenewjs
Road Cycling
76
01-17-24 10:00 AM
StanSeven
Road Cycling
18
05-10-16 09:28 PM
pastorbobnlnh
Classic & Vintage
37
10-17-15 08:09 PM
Spoakland
General Cycling Discussion
1
06-28-15 12:20 PM

Posting Rules
You may not post new threads
You may not post replies
You may not post attachments
You may not edit your posts

BB code is On
Smilies are On
[IMG] code is On
HTML code is Off
Trackbacks are Off
Pingbacks are Off
Refbacks are Off



Contact Us - Archive - Advertising - Cookie Policy - Privacy Statement - Terms of Service -

Copyright © 2024 MH Sub I, LLC dba Internet Brands. All rights reserved. Use of this site indicates your consent to the Terms of Use.