Yes, but:

1. Automobile drivers typically drive their cars in the center of their lanes, leaving the space between their car and the stripe to separate themselves from the car in the adjacent lane, plus whatever space they are leaving in their lane.
2. Cyclists typically ride on the left edge of the bike lane (due to debris in the rest of the bike lane, to leave "escape space" to the right, and to be more visible), often with their handlebars and bodies hanging over the stripe into the adjacent lane. Thus, the only space between the cyclist and the passing car is the space the driver in the adjacent lane chooses to leave between his car and the right edge of his lane, if any.
3. The speed differential between two cars in adjacent lanes is rarely 30+ mph. Consider driving 70 mph on the freeway and being passed by someone going 100. Does that seem safe to you? Don't you want that person to slow down and/or move left as they pass you? And that's a 30 mph differential, yet with a relatively small relative differential speed (the slow driver is moving 70% of the passing driver's speed). In the case of a motorist going 50 passing a cyclist going 20, the cyclist is traveling only 40% of the passing vehicle's speed.
4. Cyclists (and motorcyclists), who may need to suddenly swerve to avoid a hazard, need more maneuver room on their sides than do drivers of 4 wheeled vehicles that don't need to be balanced to be kept upright.
5. Even if you're riding in the center of a bike lane, your wheels are two feet from the curb on one side and 2 feet from the stripe on the left (assuming a 4 foot wide BL), but your body extends 1-1.5 feet to each side from the center of the bike where the wheels are tracking. So, you're only 6 inches from the stripe. That means the driver has to keep his car at least 2 feet to the left of the stripe in order to maintain a minimal passing "cushion" of 3 feet. Many motorists do that, sure, but many do not. The stripe tends to make all too many of them oblivious to the presence of the cyclist in the bike lane: they pass her like she's not even there, meaning they do not move left, and do not slow down. So if they happen to be driving just a few inches to the left of the stripe, at 60 mph, that's where they are when they pass the 15 mph cyclist with just inches of clearance, who is "safely" riding in her own bike lane... unless she happens upon a piece of debris that she has to avoid by moving left, or a sudden blowup puncture in her front wheel causes her to lose control and swerve left, or a pothole causes her to crash and fall to her left, or ... It happens, all the time. Luckily, most of the time when a cyclist swerves or falls to the left there is not a motorist passing them at 4x their speed just a few inches away... but it's still dangerous to do that.
6. If two cars end up glancing each other side-to-side it is much less likely to cause fatal injuries than if a car ends up glancing a cyclist on the side...
7. The lane you drive your car in is considerably wider than a bike lane. A bike's narrow look is deceiving. A cyclist is about 3 feet wide, and needs 3 feet on each side... that's 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 feet.

In the ideal world, bike lanes are more like 6 feet wide, they are clean of debris, potholes and other hazards, cyclists never have to swerve, etc., etc. In that ideal theoretical world there is probably nothing inherently dangerous about motorists passing cyclists with high speed differentials. But in the real world, there are real dangers to doing so.

Bike lanes are fundamentally and significantly different from regular lanes. They are not just narrow versions of the same thing, though they appear so at first glance. And the differences are key, and make them much more dangerous than their bigger cousins.