As long as the integrity of the paint is good, there isn't too much to worry about in terms of the frame. Wipe it down quickly with a little water.

The drive train does take a little more effort. For the record, I've found removing the chain way easier and more effective than cleaning and lubing on the bike. Try both, and see what you prefer.

I also like to give my rims a wipe while they're still wet and the grime is loose. Cleaning the brake pads is good, too.