Originally Posted by
chephy
Not hard if you're not too bright. The more you learn about the world though, the more you realize that things aren't necessarily as obvious as they at first appear to be. Helmets are MADE to break easily. They're made out of styrofoam, for God's sake! An impact hard enough to crack a helmet may not necessarily be all that hard.
You REALLY can't read, can you? I wrote about EXACTLY this.
Don't tell me what to do, and I won't tell you where to go.
"Not too bright"?
OK, dim bulb. You asked for it.
Here is a link to a bunch of other published, scientific, peer-reviewed studies on bicycle helmets and their ability to prevent head and/or facial injuries, especially to the upper face.
Have fun refuting all of them. If your attempts are as lame as the one I've already gutted, your doomed:
http://depts.washington.edu/hiprc/pr...meteffect.html
Strong protective effect among helmet users versus non-users for head, brain, facial, and fatal injuries. Head injury, OR=0.40 (0.29, 0.55), Brain injury, 0.42 (0.26, 0.67), Facial injury, 0.53 (0.39, 0.73), Fatal injury, 0.27 (0.10, 0.71)
Results provide clear evidence of helmet benefits.
Helmets reduce risk of head, brain, facial injury, and death.
Helmet use should be encouraged for all riders.
Bicycle helmets reduced the incidence and severity of head injuries.
Helmet use significantly reduced risk of serious head injury by 68% comapred to non-users (OR=0.32 95% CI .11-.89)
No significant difference in serious injuries of all types comparing helmeted and non-helmeted users. (OR=0.9 95% CI 0.6-1.4)
Indicates crash severity similar for both groups.
Strong prospective effect of helmets for serious head injuries.
Protective effect of helmet underestimated due to exclusion of ICU cases. None of the ICU cases wore helmets.
Current helmets offer no protection to face.
Did not divide face into regions. Upper and lower portions of face should have been analyzed separately.
Protective effect among helmet users versus non-users for any head injury (OR=0.31, 0.26-0.37), brain injury (OR=0.35, 0.25-0.48), and severe brain injury (OR=0.26, 0.14-0.48). Odds ratios adjusted for age and motor vehicle involvement.
Equal effectiveness of helmet in crashes with motor vehicles (OR=0.31, 0.20-0.48) and without motor vehicles (OR=0.32, 0.20-0.39). Similar effectiveness for all age groups.
No differences seen in protective effect among helmet types.
Bicycle helmets are effective for all bicyclists regardless of age and regardless of motor vehicle involvement in the crash.
Largest prospective case-control study of helmet effectiveness to date. 88% response rate.
Helmet use significantly reduced risk of injury to upper and middle face regions by approximately 65% compared to non-users (Upper face: OR=0.36, 0.26-0.49; Middle face: OR=0.35, 0.24-0.50).
Helmet use had no significant effect on reducing the risk of injury to the lower face compared to non-users (OR=0.88, 0.72-1.07).
Odds ratios adjusted for age, speed, and surface of crash site.
Helmets protect against upper face and middle face injuries.
Use of two control groups thought to "bracket" the true effect of helmets on risk of facial injury.
General bicycle helmets with chin protection should be developed.
Significant protective effect among helmet users for head injury (OR=0.30, 0.11-0.85) compared to non-user
Helmet use significantly reduces the risk of sustaining a head injury, regardless of type of bicycle accident.
Some evidence refuting claims that helmet users are either more cautious or take more risks than non-users (8.1% head injury among non-helmeted bicyclists; 9.2% among non-owners; 3.5% among helmet users).
Children with head injury were more likely to have made contact with a moving vehicle than control children (19% v. 4%, p<0.001).
Helmet use significantly reduced the risk of head injury by 63% (OR=0.37, 0.20-0.66).
Helmet use signficantly reduced the loss of consciousness by 86% (OR=0.14, 0.05-0.38).
No significant reduction in crude risk of facial injuries between helmet users and non-users. (OR=1.15, 0.64-2.04).
Helmet use significantly reduces the risk of upper head injury and loss of consciousness in a bicycle crash.
Helmet use does not signifiacntly reduce the crude risk of facial injury (no adjusted OR could be calculated from data given).
Helmet use significantly protects against head injury (crude OR=0.61, 0.47-0.80) and facial injury (crude OR=0.64, 0.49-0.84).
No significant differences in mortality rates between helmeted (approved or non-approved) and non-helmeted bicyclists.
Helmeted riders over 33 times less likely to sustain a major head injury (OR=0.03, 0.01-0.19) and over 16 times less likely to have an ISS>15 than non-helmeted riders (OR=0.06, 0.02-0.15).
Significant protective effect among helmet users for serious upper facial injuries (OR=0.27, 0.10-0.80) compared to non-users
ER-based controls:
Protective effect against head injury (OR=0.26, 0.14-0.49) and brain injury (OR=0.19, 0.06-0.57).
Population-based controls:
Protective effect against head injury (OR=0.15, 0.07-0.29) and brain injury (OR=0.12, 0.04-0.40).
Helmet use protects against risk of head and brain injury by 85% and 88% respectively compared to those not wearing helmets.
Population-based control group provides the best estimate of helmet effect.