Prior to the Japanese taking over the component market in the seventies the Europeans had a near monopoly on the market and were nearly driven out of business by Suntour and Shimano.

Prior to this odds were good your US made bicycle would have been fitted with Huret, Simplex, or Campagnolo components depending on it's niche although coaster hubs were domestically produced and Sturmey Archer hubs were sourced from Raleigh in England.

Cyclo - Benelux components were produced in both France and England.

SRAM is an American based company that has manufacturing facilities in Taiwan and has absorbed Fichtel Sachs and Sachs Huret into their corporation (among others)... the SRAM chains we are so fond of were designed by Sachs Huret.

Suntour went out of business for a number of reasons but one of them was that they did not outsource production to countries with lower labour costs as Shimano did and could not regain a competitive edge with their arch rival.

Most of Shimano's production has been outsourced as well.

Japanese made parts tend to be very expensive and production there is limited to the highest end components.