Your headset is designed for 3/16" ball bearings. The lower crown race looks later when they added some meat to it. the images showing assembled with the smaller ball bearings are incorrect.

Now, the upper race that you show indicates to me some damage. I would expect this headset to show indexing.

Aside from a new headset you could, assemble it with loose ball bearings, rotate the frame press in parts 120 degrees apart from original.
Try the small bearings loose in an effort to not index.

Buy a new headset.

By the way, Campagnolo states to make the final headset adjustment with the stem installed. I know, not easy to do, but obviously the stem and change the dimensions a bit after installation. I never did it that way, but the instructions said to do it that way in later sheets.