what ^^^^ said. a cardiovascular system is like any other part of the body. It is somewhat dependent on who you picked as parents. I am lucky in that I have a pretty good one naturally, which means I am fairly quick.....for an old fat guy who doesn't get on the bike as often as he should.
As for the 10 mile commute, it depends. If it is relatively flat, you should be able to tackle it immediately, at least a few days a week. If it is hilly, you might want to start by driving part way if there is a place you can leave your car.