Originally Posted by
dabac
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But given a reasonably decent measuring device, the only change between loaded and unloaded axle is a reduction of the tension previously registered to the spokes that occupy the space in a rather narrow sector between the hub and the ground.
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That's right. Brandt has suggested, in one of his numerous on-line discussions of this, that an easy way to see which spokes see significant tension change when a bicycle wheel is loaded is to pluck the spokes both loaded and unloaded and see which spokes have a discernible change in pitch. The bottom spokes do, the top spokes do not.
Here is an interesting analysis the results of which agree with Brandt:
http://www.astounding.org.uk/ian/wheel/
Of particular interest is the drawing showing deviation from roundness; greatly exaggerated, of course, because there really isn't much deviation from roundness.
Of all the things that have been written here the worst is, "[t]he bottom spokes do nothing to resist vertical load on the hub." That's beyond wrong. It would be nice to know what buildings this person has designed so I could avoid them.