I lived in Dubai for a few year. You don't go on weeklong unsupported camping trips out in the desert in summer unless you enjoy suffering and felt like you had something to prove, but I supposed you don't really need advice on those survival logistics, and cycling is easier than hiking.

I'd still recommend bringing a tent (or rainfly plus groundsheet plus poles, maybe a Tarptent) though. We had some unpleasant sand storms and brutal sunshine. Sometimes you're done cycling by mid afternoon. Shelter would make your life much more enjoyable.

I don't recommend tent without rainfly. If your tent is anything like mine, sand will blow right through the mesh and land on your face all night.