I am a cyclist, a gun owner and married to a public defender so I have some insight into some of the issues that would come from a cyclist shooting at a car that just shot a dart at you. You won't get away with blasting at a car leaving the scene of a crime, which is what you would be doing. I have no problem with carrying a gun (my carry gun is a sig p232) but I don't carry it while on a bike. I wouldn't give somebody a hard time for doing so either, but for me I don't want the weight while I ride. A carry gun is a defensive weapon, not an offensive weapon, and using it against a car of people as they speed away is in an offensive manner. The gun owner needs to think his/her life is in grave danger at the time they use the gun, and if the car is fleeing the scene the threat is no longer a threat.
I really think the solution to acts of violence against cyclists is for the cyclist to record their rides with cameras and for the cyclist to keep aware of license plates. It at leasts gives the police something to go on in an investigation. If the perps got caught and were convicted of a serious crime, and the news media was involved, I think the incidents would be reduced rather dramatically.