Having tried them all,

. Tire liners work good but if not properly installed can actually cause pinch flats.

. Thick-walled tubes provide a measure of protection, and can be combined with tire liners.

. Flatless tires such as Schwalbe Marathons can be written over broken bottles without worries.

The flatless tires are more expensive than standard tires, maybe twice as much, and I used to frown on such expense, but I finally broke down and put some on my commuter.