The bike can be fixed up to work properly, but I'm not sure what upgrades are possible on an early '90s Dahon.
You probably need to replace your shifter cable, brake cables, possibly tires if the rubber is cracked. I don't see how the existing brakes would require replacement unless they're broken in some way. You might need brake pads. The entire bike probably needs to be cleaned and lubed.
If you have your LBS do all that you are probably looking at $60 parts and labor, not including the price of new tires. If you DIY, figure $20 in parts (not including tires), plus a one time investment of $60 in a good housing cutter tool, $20 for a bike multitool (you'll need that anyway) and maybe $100 for a cheap bike stand if you want one. Cheapest way to go is to find a bike mechanic friend or bike coop where you can borrow their tools and do the work.
Good luck!