Road bike geometry and touring bike geometry are slightly different. A road bike will be more agile and responsive, while a touring bike is very stable. Also touring bikes usually have a bit larger tires than road bikes.

You probably won't notice that big of change. I recently changed from riding on a 1898 Bianchi Brava (14 speed road bike) to a newer carbon bike weighing around 18 pounds (compared to 25). On flats my speed was about the same. Maybe faster on my newer bike because it had a mores aggressive position. Hills were a bit different. The bike was much more responsive and quick up hills. The Bianchi just felt dead going up hills, like no matter how hard you pedaled it wouldn't get the same kind of acceleration. However in all reality, the newer bike isn't that much quicker.

One thing about my new bike that made me faster was that it was more motivation for me to ride harder and longer. I told myself if I'm going to drop over $1000 on a bike I'd better be fast.