Doesn't sound like brain damage, and as the Grand Vizier of BF, I'm the expert.

I've had two concussions from bicycle crashes in the last five years. Sounds like post-concussion syndrome, exacerbated by Vicodin. Relax, see a neurologist, and tell your wife she is hardly the authority on how long you should stay off your bike. Your doctor will tell you that. I suspect you can ride within 1-3 weeks.

P.S. Try to stick with Advil if possible. The Vicodin doesn't help.