Let's start the easy way. Do upper bod and abs on Thur and Legs/Back on Mon.

Ride Sat/Tue/Wed

You can ride friday if you want.

The discussion on specific exercises has been handled well.

The hard part is squeezing cycling and lifting together. I never seem to get it
quite the way I'd like it to be.

I'd like to have two legs days. One for squats and such and another day for deadlifts, bridges, hyperextensions (backside exercises)
Depending on the weather, I sometimes do get a second day, but I focus on pushing most days. On the extra day I focus on pulling.
Unlike most guys, my rowing machine has made my pulling muscles a LOT stronger than my pushing muscles. With most it's the other way around,
you need to maintain a balance between the two. So don't forget pulling exercises.

Late Fall, it gets cold here. When it does I do a 4 day split in the gym. Pushing/pulling/butt/quads

Periodisation both in the gym and on the road helps.