I've got an old Bridgestone RB2 equipped with 105 brake calipers and 28mm Gatorskin tires.
I had to loosen the cable tension until the lever almost bottoms out against the handlebar before the brake QR would open wide enough for the tire to just barely squeeze past the brake pads.
I've used 28 mm tires on some other bikes in the past. My experience has always been that the brake caliper opening was the limiting factor. I've never experienced chainstay or fork crown interference.