Doubt you will be able to use your 26x2.0" tyres with mudguards, a 1.5" without mudguards is probably all you can clear .
If you get Avid Speed dial levers you can adjust the lever a bit, between V and Cantilever sort of cable travel requirements
but thats a straight bar lever.

Q: Do they work well with the bar end shifters and levers I've got?
gear lever is not involved .
the brake is a shorter lever than a longer V brake , so if its a V brakelever it will pull a lot more cable than the shorter arm lever needs .

I'd say its a choice of: long arm V , Cantilevers , Or Magura Hydrostop Rim brakes.