A touring bike might be right for you, or perhaps a sports-touring model like the Trek 1.2. Both are designed for leisure/fitness riders rather than racers, and you can always have the stem changed for a more upright position before the bike leaves the shop. Or perhaps a lightweight hybrid, if you don't mind flat bars.
Don't worry about component strength. You aren't all that heavy. I'm the same height and almost the same weight as you and I still ride my lightweight road bike from when I raced back in the 80s and was a lot lighter. I don't have any wheel problems as they were quality wheels to begin with.