From the books I've read and heard about. The best one's out there are either

The cyclists training bible: http://www.amazon.com/Cyclists-Train...151797-9811536

Or one of my personal favorites,

The time crunched cyclist: http://www.amazon.com/Time-Crunched-.../dp/1934030473

The time crunched book is written by Chris Carmichael who was lance Armstrong's old coach. It's a smaller book focused more on the important stuff and not soo much the nitty number crunching the cycling bible has.

Either book will teach you everything you need to know.