Good luck with your trip...I grew up in Scottsdale. I was there a couple of weeks ago and decided to bring my bike along to keep me busy while friends/family were working.
One day I cruised onto the Pima indian reservation (Indian School road east from Scottsdale road). You'll go about 8-10 miles east before the road ends. It's a bit rough towards the end, and this quickie is nearly flat...if you're into that kind of thing. Turn around and head back...good if your cramped for time.
The next day I went for a ride was kind of a bust. I decided to cruise down the bike path along Hayden road south toward Tempe. I had the idea that I was going to ride along the tempe town lake...if they've finished the construction, you're in luck. I doubt they have. Avoid the town lake unless your on a MTB. I was shocked to see the bike route detour was nothing more than a frickin' rocky desert mess. I had to walk the bike is was so bad. Just something to think about. That ride continued to 44th st north past Camelback rd then north on Tatum blvd to Lincoln. Tatum is scary if you're not comfortable riding with hectic traffic.
The roads around, say...64th st north of Camelback are good. Not too much traffic, smooth and traffic moves fairly slowly. The houses around there don't suck too bad either. THis area is probably your best bet...as for road names...trust me, you'll figure it out. Phoenix is a giant grid...easy to get around.
Another option would be to Head east toward Hayden Rd and go north to Shea BLVD. Then head east. I don't think they'll be too much traffic on this road once you get out of scottsdale and head toward Fountain Hills. At least you'll get a steady climb in as you head east. Nothing too bad though. However...the traffic that is on that road will be going fast...people in phx/scottsdale drive like freakin' maniacs...and they aren't necessarily the most bike friendly people in the world.I noticed this even more a couple of weeks ago after a several year hiatus from riding in PHX/Scottsdale.
Sorry for the long post...good luck.