I've read a bunch of articles/guides to see if I could find answers; while I've learned a lot, I could use a little more help.
Long story short, the rear wheel on my ****ty road bike (which I acquired a little over a year ago for $100) is shot. My friend had a random wheel lying around that's the right size, but the bolt portion isn't long enough and I can't figure out how to remove the gears (or whether it's a freewheel or a cassette - it also doesn't spin freely).
This is his wheel:



And this is my broken one (3 or 4 spokes are broken):



I've established that my gear set is a freewheel, but I'm not sure which exact tool I'd need to remove it. All I know is that it says "maillard" on it, and there doesn't seem to be a standard maillard removal tool.
It seems to me that my options are as follows:
1. If it's possible, transplant my freewheel to the other wheel (and maybe the bolt along with it?) and buy only the removal tool. I'm pretty sure now that this one isn't possible, but it can't hurt to ask.
2. Buy a new wheel and transplant my freewheel to it, buying the wheel and the removal tool.
3. Buy a new wheel and a new freewheel.

Which of these options is the best and which is even feasible? I'd like to spend $40 or so total if possible, but will obviously have to spend more if I go with option 3.
What's the best place online to buy this stuff? I've noticed some is available on amazon, but I figure there may be somewhere better/cheaper.
My goal now is to fix my bike (as crappy as it may be) for as cheap as I can so that I both don't have to buy a new one and learn some more about bike repair in the process.

Thanks!