Well, look at it this way: steroids were in use in Division III college football back in the early-to-mid 1980s, and were rampant in higher levels. Think, "Son, if you want to play here at (insert name of major well-known "squeaky-clean" instutition), you will have to take steroids." Guys I went to high school with were TOLD EXACTLY THAT when they were being recruited. And they weren't NFL prospects by any stretch of the imagination, and all the steroids in the world couldn't make them NFL prospects (Let's put it this way - you KNEW when you ran into someone who was even a potential fringe NFL prospect...)

Twenty-five years ago, that's what is was like for athletes with very little personal financial incentive to use PEDs. And they did it anyway.

Mostly because of personal competitive reasons, I'd guess.

Yeah, there was no testing at all back then. But there also wasn't any designer drugs that did things like metabolize into things that break down into water and CO2.

Horse drugs? WTF? Contador probably got busted because he was too cheap to pay for the real stuff. Just like Barry Bonds - too cheap to pay for the stuff no test can detect (and stupid enough to associate with a, err, chemist who was bound and determined to rub people's noses in what he did instead of silently staying off the radar screens...)

IMO PED use is rampant in all professional sports. Look at guys getting busted for steroids in European basketball leagues. But the NBA is like the NFL - you pretty much have to be caught raping the dead body of the league commissioner before you get busted for drug use.