The fact you were able to get the spokes back up to tension and that that sufficiently trued the wheel makes it likely the spokes themselves didn't suffer undue structural fatigue. That argues for being able to put off their replacements. Doesn't mean there's no risk. Seems the fact you had to "fix" stuff a bit is sufficient warning to you of the potential risk: It's your judgment whether you think the spokes were, in fact, damaged.

One thing you might do is to mark the specific spokes involved, then check their tension after every further race. Perhaps you'll figure out quickly that they're just no staying tensioned, which will be an indicator the problem needs addressing sooner rather than later.