Thanks badamsjr.
I thought about this and did some measurements and I think I will need a much longer bb, maybe 118mm. That will increase the Q-factor but still be better than where I started.
The current setup has a chain line of 41/46mm which is exactly the Shimano road standard, but the rear hub is a 135mm mountain hub and the old triple was probably around 50mm out to the middle ring (I need to measure this). I bet that I'll need to get the inner ring out to almost 50mm for the small ring to work across the while cassette.