I cook most of my meals while touring, my staples are oatmeal, dried beans, rice, and dried vegetables. (I presoak the beans and rice by putting them in a small plastic jar with water in the morning, by evening all they need is ten minutes boiling to be done) I carry a few spices including pepper, garlic, chili powder ,curry, dried onion, chicken bouillan. I bring dried soups like the knorr-swiss type to add to beans or rice. I usually carry a couple packs of ramen noodle for quick roadside meals,
I also buy fresh produce (if available) daily to go along with the dried food I carry. You can eat very well on $5 a day if you cook and shop wisely