When buying a jacket, I basically looked at any jacket that was labeled as windproof + waterproof, even if it wasn't cycling specific. Also within a budget of $100.
Cycling specific is indeed preferable but not necessary, and decent (not expensive) jackets are ~$60-90. I bought a used hiking jacket for $40, and my friend got a cycling specific jacket on ebay for ~$50.
If you're looking for specific brand names, my hiking jacket is Mountain Hardwear.